oha is a tiny program that sends some load to a web application and show realtime tui inspired by rakyll/hey.
This program is written in Rust and powered by tokio and beautiful tui by ratatui.
This program is built on stable Rust, with both make and cmake prerequisites to install via cargo.
cargo install oha
You can optionally build oha against native-tls instead of rustls.
cargo install --no-default-features --features rustls oha
You can enable VSOCK support by enabling vsock feature.
cargo install --features vsock oha
pacman -S oha
brew install oha
winget install hatoo.oha
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/azlux-archive-keyring.gpg] http://packages.azlux.fr/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azlux.list sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/azlux-archive-keyring.gpg https://azlux.fr/repo.gpg apt update apt install oha
You can install with x-cmd.
x env use oha
You can also build and create a container image including oha
docker build . -t example.com/hatoo/oha:latest
Then you can use oha directly through the container
docker run -it example.com/hatoo/oha:latest https://example.com:3000
You can build oha with PGO by using the following commands:
bun run pgo.js
And the binary will be available at target/[target-triple]/pgo/oha.
Linux - Tested on Ubuntu 18.04 gnome-terminal
Windows 10 - Tested on Windows Powershell
MacOS - Tested on iTerm2
-q option works different from rakyll/hey. It's set overall query per second instead of for each workers.
Ohayou(おはよう), HTTP load generator, inspired by rakyll/hey with tui animation. Usage: oha [OPTIONS]Arguments: Target URL. Options: -n Number of requests to run. [default: 200] -c Number of connections to run concurrently. You may should increase limit to number of open files for larger `-c`. [default: 50] -p Number of parallel requests to send on HTTP/2. `oha` will run c * p concurrent workers in total. [default: 1] -z Duration of application to send requests. If duration is specified, n is ignored. On HTTP/1, When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are aborted and counted as "aborted due to deadline" You can change this behavior with `-w` option. Currently, on HTTP/2, When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are waited. `-w` option is ignored. Examples: -z 10s -z 3m. -w, --wait-ongoing-requests-after-deadline When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are waited -q Rate limit for all, in queries per second (QPS) --burst-delay Introduce delay between a predefined number of requests. Note: If qps is specified, burst will be ignored --burst-rate Rates of requests for burst. Default is 1 Note: If qps is specified, burst will be ignored --rand-regex-url Generate URL by rand_regex crate but dot is disabled for each query e.g. http://127.0.0.1/[a-z][a-z][0-9]. Currently dynamic scheme, host and port with keep-alive are not works well. See https://docs.rs/rand_regex/latest/rand_regex/struct.Regex.html for details of syntax. --max-repeat A parameter for the '--rand-regex-url'. The max_repeat parameter gives the maximum extra repeat counts the x*, x+ and x{n,} operators will become. [default: 4] --dump-urls Dump target Urls times to debug --rand-regex-url --latency-correction Correct latency to avoid coordinated omission problem. It's ignored if -q is not set. --no-tui No realtime tui -j, --json Print results as JSON --fps Frame per second for tui. [default: 16] -m, --method HTTP method [default: GET] -H Custom HTTP header. Examples: -H "foo: bar" -t Timeout for each request. Default to infinite. -A HTTP Accept Header. -d HTTP request body. -D HTTP request body from file. -T Content-Type. -a Basic authentication, username:password --http-version HTTP version. Available values 0.9, 1.0, 1.1. --http2 Use HTTP/2. Shorthand for --http-version=2 --host HTTP Host header --disable-compression Disable compression. -r, --redirect Limit for number of Redirect. Set 0 for no redirection. Redirection isn't supported for HTTP/2. [default: 10] --disable-keepalive Disable keep-alive, prevents re-use of TCP connections between different HTTP requests. This isn't supported for HTTP/2. --no-pre-lookup *Not* perform a DNS lookup at beginning to cache it --ipv6 Lookup only ipv6. --ipv4 Lookup only ipv4. --insecure Accept invalid certs. --connect-to Override DNS resolution and default port numbers with strings like 'example.org:443:localhost:8443' --disable-color Disable the color scheme. --unix-socket Connect to a unix socket instead of the domain in the URL. Only for non-HTTPS URLs. --stats-success-breakdown Include a response status code successful or not successful breakdown for the time histogram and distribution statistics --db-url Write succeeded requests to sqlite database url E.G test.db --debug Perform a single request and dump the request and response -h, --help Print help -V, --version Print version
oha prints JSON output when -j option is set.
The schema of JSON output is defined in schema.json.
We used hyperfine for benchmarking oha against rakyll/hey on a local server. The server was coded using node. You can start the server by copy pasting this file and then running it via node. After copy-pasting the file, you can run the benchmark via hyperfine.
Copy-paste the contents into a new javascript file called app.js
const http = require("http");const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/plain" });
res.end("Hello Worldn");});server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log("Server running at http://localhost:3000/");});Run node app.js
Run hyperfine 'oha --no-tui http://localhost:3000' 'hey http://localhost:3000' in a different terminal tab
Benchmark 1: oha --no-tui http://localhost:3000
Time (mean ± σ): 10.8 ms ± 1.8 ms [User: 5.7 ms, System: 11.7 ms]
Range (min … max): 8.7 ms … 24.8 ms (107 runs)
Benchmark 2: hey http://localhost:3000
Time (mean ± σ): 14.3 ms ± 4.6 ms [User: 12.2 ms, System: 19.4 ms]
Range (min … max): 11.1 ms … 48.3 ms (88 runs)
In this benchmark, oha --no-tui http://localhost:3000 was found to be faster, running approximately 1.32 ± 0.48 times faster than hey http://localhost:3000.
oha uses default options inherited from rakyll/hey but you may need to change options to stress test in more realistic condition.
I suggest to run oha with following options.
