Spring Boot Shiro
1.0.0
GitHub project address: https://github.com/Smith-Cruise/Spring-Boot-Shiro.
I am also a monk halfway. If you have any good opinions or criticisms, please be sure issue .
If you want to experience it directly, clone the project directly and run mvn spring-boot:run command to access it. Please read the URL rules later in the tutorial.
If you want to learn about Spring Security, you can read
A simple tutorial for Spring Boot 2.0+Srping Security+Thymeleaf
Spring Boot 2 + Spring Security 5 + JWT single-page application Restful solution (recommended)
Before starting this tutorial, make sure you are familiar with the following points.
Controller , RestController , and Autowired . In fact, just take a look at the official Getting-Start tutorial. Let me briefly explain why we use JWT. Because we want to achieve complete front-end and back-end separation, it is impossible to use session and cookie methods for authentication, so JWT comes in handy. You can use an encryption key to authenticate. Perform front-end and back-end authentication.
/login to log in. If successful, an encrypted token will be returned. If failed, a 401 error will be returned directly.Authorization field in header for every URL request that requires permission, such as Authorization: token , token is the key.token will be verified in the background, and 401 will be returned directly if there is any misunderstanding. username information is carried in the token.token . username information carried in token .token is correct. Create a new Maven project and add relevant dependencies.
<? xml version = " 1.0 " encoding = " UTF-8 " ?>
< project xmlns = " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 "
xmlns : xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
xsi : schemaLocation = " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd " >
< modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion >
< groupId >org.inlighting</ groupId >
< artifactId >shiro-study</ artifactId >
< version >1.0-SNAPSHOT</ version >
< dependencies >
< dependency >
< groupId >org.apache.shiro</ groupId >
< artifactId >shiro-spring</ artifactId >
< version >1.3.2</ version >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >com.auth0</ groupId >
< artifactId >java-jwt</ artifactId >
< version >3.2.0</ version >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-boot-starter-web</ artifactId >
< version >1.5.8.RELEASE</ version >
</ dependency >
</ dependencies >
< build >
< plugins >
<!-- Srping Boot 打包工具 -->
< plugin >
< groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-boot-maven-plugin</ artifactId >
< version >1.5.7.RELEASE</ version >
< executions >
< execution >
< goals >
< goal >repackage</ goal >
</ goals >
</ execution >
</ executions >
</ plugin >
<!-- 指定JDK编译版本 -->
< plugin >
< groupId >org.apache.maven.plugins</ groupId >
< artifactId >maven-compiler-plugin</ artifactId >
< configuration >
< source >1.8</ source >
< target >1.8</ target >
< encoding >UTF-8</ encoding >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
</ plugins >
</ build >
</ project >Pay attention to specifying the JDK version and encoding.
In order to reduce the code of the tutorial, I used HashMap to simulate a database locally, with the following structure:
| username | password | role | permission |
|---|---|---|---|
| smith | smith123 | user | view |
| danny | danny123 | admin | view,edit |
This is the simplest user permissions table. If you want to know more about it, Baidu RBAC.
Then build a UserService to simulate the database query and put the results into UserBean .
UserService.java
@ Component
public class UserService {
public UserBean getUser ( String username ) {
// 没有此用户直接返回null
if (! DataSource . getData (). containsKey ( username ))
return null ;
UserBean user = new UserBean ();
Map < String , String > detail = DataSource . getData (). get ( username );
user . setUsername ( username );
user . setPassword ( detail . get ( "password" ));
user . setRole ( detail . get ( "role" ));
user . setPermission ( detail . get ( "permission" ));
return user ;
}
}UserBean.java
public class UserBean {
private String username ;
private String password ;
private String role ;
private String permission ;
public String getUsername () {
return username ;
}
public void setUsername ( String username ) {
this . username = username ;
}
public String getPassword () {
return password ;
}
public void setPassword ( String password ) {
this . password = password ;
}
public String getRole () {
return role ;
}
public void setRole ( String role ) {
this . role = role ;
}
public String getPermission () {
return permission ;
}
public void setPermission ( String permission ) {
this . permission = permission ;
}
} We write a simple JWT encryption and verification tool, and use the user's own password as the encryption key. This ensures that the token cannot be cracked even if it is intercepted by others. And we included username information in token , and the set key will expire in 5 minutes.
public class JWTUtil {
// 过期时间5分钟
private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 5 * 60 * 1000 ;
/**
* 校验token是否正确
* @param token 密钥
* @param secret 用户的密码
* @return 是否正确
*/
public static boolean verify ( String token , String username , String secret ) {
try {
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm . HMAC256 ( secret );
JWTVerifier verifier = JWT . require ( algorithm )
. withClaim ( "username" , username )
. build ();
DecodedJWT jwt = verifier . verify ( token );
return true ;
} catch ( Exception exception ) {
return false ;
}
}
/**
* 获得token中的信息无需secret解密也能获得
* @return token中包含的用户名
*/
public static String getUsername ( String token ) {
try {
DecodedJWT jwt = JWT . decode ( token );
return jwt . getClaim ( "username" ). asString ();
} catch ( JWTDecodeException e ) {
return null ;
}
}
/**
* 生成签名,5min后过期
* @param username 用户名
* @param secret 用户的密码
* @return 加密的token
*/
public static String sign ( String username , String secret ) {
try {
Date date = new Date ( System . currentTimeMillis ()+ EXPIRE_TIME );
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm . HMAC256 ( secret );
// 附带username信息
return JWT . create ()
. withClaim ( "username" , username )
. withExpiresAt ( date )
. sign ( algorithm );
} catch ( UnsupportedEncodingException e ) {
return null ;
}
}
}ResponseBean.java
Since we want to implement restful, we need to ensure that the format returned every time is the same, so I created a ResponseBean to unify the returned format.
public class ResponseBean {
// http 状态码
private int code ;
// 返回信息
private String msg ;
// 返回的数据
private Object data ;
public ResponseBean ( int code , String msg , Object data ) {
this . code = code ;
this . msg = msg ;
this . data = data ;
}
public int getCode () {
return code ;
}
public void setCode ( int code ) {
this . code = code ;
}
public String getMsg () {
return msg ;
}
public void setMsg ( String msg ) {
this . msg = msg ;
}
public Object getData () {
return data ;
}
public void setData ( Object data ) {
this . data = data ;
}
}Custom exception
In order to realize that I can manually throw exceptions, I wrote an UnauthorizedException.java myself
public class UnauthorizedException extends RuntimeException {
public UnauthorizedException ( String msg ) {
super ( msg );
}
public UnauthorizedException () {
super ();
}
}URL structure
| URL | effect |
|---|---|
| /login | login |
| /article | Accessible to everyone, but users see different content than guests |
| /require_auth | Only logged in users can access |
| /require_role | Only users with the admin role can log in. |
| /require_permission | Only users with view and edit permissions can access |
Controller
@ RestController
public class WebController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager . getLogger ( WebController . class );
private UserService userService ;
@ Autowired
public void setService ( UserService userService ) {
this . userService = userService ;
}
@ PostMapping ( "/login" )
public ResponseBean login ( @ RequestParam ( "username" ) String username ,
@ RequestParam ( "password" ) String password ) {
UserBean userBean = userService . getUser ( username );
if ( userBean . getPassword (). equals ( password )) {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "Login success" , JWTUtil . sign ( username , password ));
} else {
throw new UnauthorizedException ();
}
}
@ GetMapping ( "/article" )
public ResponseBean article () {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils . getSubject ();
if ( subject . isAuthenticated ()) {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are already logged in" , null );
} else {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are guest" , null );
}
}
@ GetMapping ( "/require_auth" )
@ RequiresAuthentication
public ResponseBean requireAuth () {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are authenticated" , null );
}
@ GetMapping ( "/require_role" )
@ RequiresRoles ( "admin" )
public ResponseBean requireRole () {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are visiting require_role" , null );
}
@ GetMapping ( "/require_permission" )
@ RequiresPermissions ( logical = Logical . AND , value = { "view" , "edit" })
public ResponseBean requirePermission () {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are visiting permission require edit,view" , null );
}
@ RequestMapping ( path = "/401" )
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . UNAUTHORIZED )
public ResponseBean unauthorized () {
return new ResponseBean ( 401 , "Unauthorized" , null );
}
}Handling frame exceptions
As mentioned before, restful needs to unify the returned format, so we also need to globally handle exceptions thrown by Spring Boot . This can be achieved very well using @RestControllerAdvice .
@ RestControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
// 捕捉shiro的异常
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . UNAUTHORIZED )
@ ExceptionHandler ( ShiroException . class )
public ResponseBean handle401 ( ShiroException e ) {
return new ResponseBean ( 401 , e . getMessage (), null );
}
// 捕捉UnauthorizedException
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . UNAUTHORIZED )
@ ExceptionHandler ( UnauthorizedException . class )
public ResponseBean handle401 () {
return new ResponseBean ( 401 , "Unauthorized" , null );
}
// 捕捉其他所有异常
@ ExceptionHandler ( Exception . class )
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . BAD_REQUEST )
public ResponseBean globalException ( HttpServletRequest request , Throwable ex ) {
return new ResponseBean ( getStatus ( request ). value (), ex . getMessage (), null );
}
private HttpStatus getStatus ( HttpServletRequest request ) {
Integer statusCode = ( Integer ) request . getAttribute ( "javax.servlet.error.status_code" );
if ( statusCode == null ) {
return HttpStatus . INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR ;
}
return HttpStatus . valueOf ( statusCode );
}
} You can first read the official Spring-Shiro integration tutorial to get a preliminary understanding. But since we use Spring-Boot , we must strive for zero configuration files.
Implement JWTToken
JWTToken is almost the carrier of Shiro username and password. Because we separate the front-end and back-end, the server does not need to save user status, so there is no need for functions such as RememberMe . We can simply implement the AuthenticationToken interface. Because token itself already contains user name and other information, I created a field here. If you like to delve deeper, you can take a look at how the official UsernamePasswordToken is implemented.
public class JWTToken implements AuthenticationToken {
// 密钥
private String token ;
public JWTToken ( String token ) {
this . token = token ;
}
@ Override
public Object getPrincipal () {
return token ;
}
@ Override
public Object getCredentials () {
return token ;
}
}Realm
realm is used to handle whether the user is legal, which needs to be implemented by ourselves.
@ Service
public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager . getLogger ( MyRealm . class );
private UserService userService ;
@ Autowired
public void setUserService ( UserService userService ) {
this . userService = userService ;
}
/**
* 大坑！，必须重写此方法，不然Shiro会报错
*/
@ Override
public boolean supports ( AuthenticationToken token ) {
return token instanceof JWTToken ;
}
/**
* 只有当需要检测用户权限的时候才会调用此方法，例如checkRole,checkPermission之类的
*/
@ Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo ( PrincipalCollection principals ) {
String username = JWTUtil . getUsername ( principals . toString ());
UserBean user = userService . getUser ( username );
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo ();
simpleAuthorizationInfo . addRole ( user . getRole ());
Set < String > permission = new HashSet <>( Arrays . asList ( user . getPermission (). split ( "," )));
simpleAuthorizationInfo . addStringPermissions ( permission );
return simpleAuthorizationInfo ;
}
/**
* 默认使用此方法进行用户名正确与否验证，错误抛出异常即可。
*/
@ Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo ( AuthenticationToken auth ) throws AuthenticationException {
String token = ( String ) auth . getCredentials ();
// 解密获得username，用于和数据库进行对比
String username = JWTUtil . getUsername ( token );
if ( username == null ) {
throw new AuthenticationException ( "token invalid" );
}
UserBean userBean = userService . getUser ( username );
if ( userBean == null ) {
throw new AuthenticationException ( "User didn't existed!" );
}
if (! JWTUtil . verify ( token , username , userBean . getPassword ())) {
throw new AuthenticationException ( "Username or password error" );
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo ( token , token , "my_realm" );
}
} In doGetAuthenticationInfo() users can throw many customized exceptions. See the documentation for details.
RewriteFilter
All requests will go through Filter first, so we inherit the official BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter and rewrite the authentication method.
The execution flow of the code preHandle -> isAccessAllowed -> isLoginAttempt -> executeLogin .
public class JWTFilter extends BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter {
private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( this . getClass ());
/**
* 判断用户是否想要登入。
* 检测header里面是否包含Authorization字段即可
*/
@ Override
protected boolean isLoginAttempt ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ) {
HttpServletRequest req = ( HttpServletRequest ) request ;
String authorization = req . getHeader ( "Authorization" );
return authorization != null ;
}
/**
*
*/
@ Override
protected boolean executeLogin ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = ( HttpServletRequest ) request ;
String authorization = httpServletRequest . getHeader ( "Authorization" );
JWTToken token = new JWTToken ( authorization );
// 提交给realm进行登入，如果错误他会抛出异常并被捕获
getSubject ( request , response ). login ( token );
// 如果没有抛出异常则代表登入成功，返回true
return true ;
}
/**
* 这里我们详细说明下为什么最终返回的都是true，即允许访问
* 例如我们提供一个地址 GET /article
* 登入用户和游客看到的内容是不同的
* 如果在这里返回了false，请求会被直接拦截，用户看不到任何东西
* 所以我们在这里返回true，Controller中可以通过 subject.isAuthenticated() 来判断用户是否登入
* 如果有些资源只有登入用户才能访问，我们只需要在方法上面加上 @RequiresAuthentication 注解即可
* 但是这样做有一个缺点，就是不能够对GET,POST等请求进行分别过滤鉴权(因为我们重写了官方的方法)，但实际上对应用影响不大
*/
@ Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response , Object mappedValue ) {
if ( isLoginAttempt ( request , response )) {
try {
executeLogin ( request , response );
} catch ( Exception e ) {
response401 ( request , response );
}
}
return true ;
}
/**
* 对跨域提供支持
*/
@ Override
protected boolean preHandle ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = ( HttpServletRequest ) request ;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = ( HttpServletResponse ) response ;
httpServletResponse . setHeader ( "Access-control-Allow-Origin" , httpServletRequest . getHeader ( "Origin" ));
httpServletResponse . setHeader ( "Access-Control-Allow-Methods" , "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE" );
httpServletResponse . setHeader ( "Access-Control-Allow-Headers" , httpServletRequest . getHeader ( "Access-Control-Request-Headers" ));
// 跨域时会首先发送一个option请求，这里我们给option请求直接返回正常状态
if ( httpServletRequest . getMethod (). equals ( RequestMethod . OPTIONS . name ())) {
httpServletResponse . setStatus ( HttpStatus . OK . value ());
return false ;
}
return super . preHandle ( request , response );
}
/**
* 将非法请求跳转到 /401
*/
private void response401 ( ServletRequest req , ServletResponse resp ) {
try {
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = ( HttpServletResponse ) resp ;
httpServletResponse . sendRedirect ( "/401" );
} catch ( IOException e ) {
LOGGER . error ( e . getMessage ());
}
}
} getSubject(request, response).login(token); This step is to submit it to realm for processing.
ConfigureShiro
@ Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@ Bean ( "securityManager" )
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getManager ( MyRealm realm ) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager manager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager ();
// 使用自己的realm
manager . setRealm ( realm );
/*
* 关闭shiro自带的session，详情见文档
* http://shiro.apache.org/session-management.html#SessionManagement-StatelessApplications%28Sessionless%29
*/
DefaultSubjectDAO subjectDAO = new DefaultSubjectDAO ();
DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator defaultSessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator ();
defaultSessionStorageEvaluator . setSessionStorageEnabled ( false );
subjectDAO . setSessionStorageEvaluator ( defaultSessionStorageEvaluator );
manager . setSubjectDAO ( subjectDAO );
return manager ;
}
@ Bean ( "shiroFilter" )
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean factory ( DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager ) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean ();
// 添加自己的过滤器并且取名为jwt
Map < String , Filter > filterMap = new HashMap <>();
filterMap . put ( "jwt" , new JWTFilter ());
factoryBean . setFilters ( filterMap );
factoryBean . setSecurityManager ( securityManager );
factoryBean . setUnauthorizedUrl ( "/401" );
/*
* 自定义url规则
* http://shiro.apache.org/web.html#urls-
*/
Map < String , String > filterRuleMap = new HashMap <>();
// 所有请求通过我们自己的JWT Filter
filterRuleMap . put ( "/**" , "jwt" );
// 访问401和404页面不通过我们的Filter
filterRuleMap . put ( "/401" , "anon" );
factoryBean . setFilterChainDefinitionMap ( filterRuleMap );
return factoryBean ;
}
/**
* 下面的代码是添加注解支持
*/
@ Bean
@ DependsOn ( "lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" )
public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator () {
DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ();
// 强制使用cglib，防止重复代理和可能引起代理出错的问题
// https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29161098
defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator . setProxyTargetClass ( true );
return defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ;
}
@ Bean
public LifecycleBeanPostProcessor lifecycleBeanPostProcessor () {
return new LifecycleBeanPostProcessor ();
}
@ Bean
public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor ( DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager ) {
AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor ();
advisor . setSecurityManager ( securityManager );
return advisor ;
}
}You can refer to the document http://shiro.apache.org/web.html for the URL rules inside.
Let me tell you where the code can be improved.
Cache function is not implemented./401 address.
