Groovy is a language whose syntax is similar to Java but simpler than Java. It's often seen as a scripted/flexible/dynamic language, but I don't like such adjectives because I think they just confuse people. If Java is a wise middle-aged man, then Groovy is his teenage son. Groovy has many of his father's characteristics, but is wilder and more interesting. They also work well together.
Groovy has far fewer rules than Java. For example, to get the standard "Hello World" output in Java, you need to write a class, a main method with appropriate parameters, and so on. But in Groovy, if you don't want to write all the boilerplate code, you can throw away the class definition and main method and just write a single line of code that prints "Hello World".
For more Groovy documentation, please see: http://edu.codepub.com/programme/groovy/
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