Java中的List是可以包含重複元素的(hash code 和equals),那麼對List進行去重操作有兩種方式實作:
方案一:可以透過HashSet來實現,程式碼如下:
複製代碼代碼如下:
class Student {
private String id;
private String name;
public Student(String id, String name) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj) {
return true;
}
if (obj == null) {
return false;
}
if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
return false;
}
Student other = (Student) obj;
if (id == null) {
if (other.id != null) {
return false;
}
} else if (!id.equals(other.id)) {
return false;
}
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null) {
return false;
}
} else if (!name.equals(other.name)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
必須實作hashCode和equals兩個方法,一會兒我們會看為啥必須實作具體的操作程式碼如下:
複製代碼代碼如下:
private static void removeListDuplicateObject() {
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Student student = new Student("id", "name");
list.add(student);
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();
set.addAll(list);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(set.toArray()));
list.removeAll(list);
set.removeAll(set);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(set.toArray()));
}
調用程式碼:
複製代碼代碼如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
removeListDuplicateObject();
}
利用HashSet進行去重操作,為啥必須覆寫hashCode和equals兩個方法呢?
我們查看HashSet的add操作原始碼如下:
複製代碼代碼如下:
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}
呼叫了HashMap進行操作的,我們看HashMap的put操作:
複製代碼代碼如下:
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
需要注意的是:
複製代碼代碼如下:
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
.....
}
也就是說hash code相等且equals(==)。
複雜度:一邊遍歷即可,O(n)
方案二:直接遍歷一遍List進行透過contains和add操作實現程式碼如下:
複製代碼代碼如下:
private static void removeListDuplicateObjectByList() {
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Student student = new Student("id", "name");
list.add(student);
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
List<Student> listUniq = new ArrayList<Student>();
for (Student student : list) {
if (!listUniq.contains(student)) {
listUniq.add(student);
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(listUniq.toArray()));
list.removeAll(list);
listUniq.removeAll(listUniq);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(listUniq.toArray()));
}
其他等同上面。
複雜度:
一邊遍歷,同時呼叫了contains方法,我們查看源碼如下:
複製代碼代碼如下:
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) >= 0;
}
public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
可以看到又對新的list做了一次遍歷操作。也就是1+2+....+n這樣複雜度為O(n*n)
結論:
方案一效率高,即採用HashSet的方式進行去重操作