requests html
v0.10.0
Diese Bibliothek soll das Parsen von HTML (z. B. das Scrapen des Webs) so einfach und intuitiv wie möglich machen.
Wenn Sie diese Bibliothek verwenden, erhalten Sie automatisch:
Stellen Sie mit Requests eine GET-Anfrage an „python.org“:
>>> from requests_html import HTMLSession
>>> session = HTMLSession()
>>> r = session.get( ' https://python.org/ ' )Versuchen Sie es mit Async und rufen Sie einige Websites gleichzeitig ab:
>>> from requests_html import AsyncHTMLSession
>>> asession = AsyncHTMLSession()
>>> async def get_pythonorg ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://python.org/ ' )
... return r
...
>>> async def get_reddit ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://reddit.com/ ' )
... return r
...
>>> async def get_google ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://google.com/ ' )
... return r
...
>>> results = asession.run(get_pythonorg, get_reddit, get_google)
>>> results # check the requests all returned a 200 (success) code
[<Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>]
>>> # Each item in the results list is a response object and can be interacted with as such
>>> for result in results:
... print (result.html.url)
...
https://www.python.org/
https://www.google.com/
https://www.reddit.com/ Beachten Sie, dass die Reihenfolge der Objekte in der Ergebnisliste die Reihenfolge darstellt, in der sie zurückgegeben wurden, und nicht die Reihenfolge, in der die Coroutinen an die run übergeben werden, was im Beispiel durch die unterschiedliche Reihenfolge gezeigt wird.
Holen Sie sich eine Liste aller Links auf der Seite im aktuellen Zustand (Anker ausgenommen):
>>> r.html.links
{'//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/', '/about/apps/', 'https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues', '/accounts/login/', '/dev/peps/', '/about/legal/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists', '/download/alternatives', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/kihd2DW98YY/python-370a4-is-available-for-testing.html', '/download/other/', '/downloads/windows/', 'https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev', '/doc/av', 'https://devguide.python.org/', '/about/success/#engineering', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event', 'https://www.openstack.org', '/about/gettingstarted/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/AMoBel8b8Mc/python-3.html', '/success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/', 'http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator', '/', 'http://pyfound.blogspot.com/', '/events/python-events/past/', '/downloads/release/python-2714/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks', 'http://plus.google.com/+Python', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/', 'https://status.python.org/', '/community/workshops/', '/community/lists/', 'http://buildbot.net/', '/community/awards', 'http://twitter.com/ThePSF', 'https://docs.python.org/3/license.html', '/psf/donations/', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages', '/dev/', '/events/python-user-group/', 'https://wiki.qt.io/PySide', '/community/sigs/', 'https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject', 'http://www.ansible.com', 'http://www.saltstack.com', 'http://planetpython.org/', '/events/python-events', '/about/help/', '/events/python-user-group/past/', '/about/success/', '/psf-landing/', '/about/apps', '/about/', 'http://www.wxpython.org/', '/events/python-user-group/665/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/', '/dev/peps/peps.rss', '/downloads/source/', '/psf/sponsorship/sponsors/', 'http://bottlepy.org', 'http://roundup.sourceforge.net/', 'http://pandas.pydata.org/', 'http://brochure.getpython.info/', 'https://bugs.python.org/', '/community/merchandise/', 'http://tornadoweb.org', '/events/python-user-group/650/', 'http://flask.pocoo.org/', '/downloads/release/python-364/', '/events/python-user-group/660/', '/events/python-user-group/638/', '/psf/', '/doc/', 'http://blog.python.org', '/events/python-events/604/', '/about/success/#government', 'http://python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://docs.python.org', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/zVC80sq9s00/python-364-is-now-available.html', '/users/membership/', '/about/success/#arts', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3', '/downloads/', '/jobs/', 'http://trac.edgewall.org/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/wh73_1A-N7Q/python-355rc1-and-python-348rc1-are-now.html', '/privacy/', 'https://pypi.python.org/', 'http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro', 'http://www.scipy.org', '/community/forums/', '/about/success/#scientific', '/about/success/#software-development', '/shell/', '/accounts/signup/', 'http://www.facebook.com/pythonlang?fref=ts', '/community/', 'https://kivy.org/', '/about/quotes/', 'http://www.web2py.com/', '/community/logos/', '/community/diversity/', '/events/calendars/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide', '/success-stories/', '/doc/essays/', '/dev/core-mentorship/', 'http://ipython.org', '/events/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html', '/about/success/#education', '/blogs/', '/community/irc/', 'http://pycon.blogspot.com/', '//jobs.python.org', 'http://www.pylonsproject.org/', 'http://www.djangoproject.com/', '/downloads/mac-osx/', '/about/success/#business', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/x_c9D0S-4C4/python-370b1-is-now-available-for.html', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter', 'https://docs.python.org/faq/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions'}Holen Sie sich eine Liste aller Links auf der Seite in absoluter Form (Anker ausgenommen):
>>> r.html.absolute_links
{'https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/kihd2DW98YY/python-370a4-is-available-for-testing.html', 'https://www.python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev', 'https://www.python.org/doc/', 'https://www.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/about/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-events/past/', 'https://devguide.python.org/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event', 'https://www.openstack.org', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/AMoBel8b8Mc/python-3.html', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists', 'http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator', 'http://pyfound.blogspot.com/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks', 'http://plus.google.com/+Python', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-events', 'https://status.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/about/apps', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-2714/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/donations/', 'http://buildbot.net/', 'http://twitter.com/ThePSF', 'https://docs.python.org/3/license.html', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages', 'https://docs.python.org/faq/', 'https://jobs.python.org', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#software-development', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#education', 'https://www.python.org/community/logos/', 'https://www.python.org/doc/av', 'https://wiki.qt.io/PySide', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/660/', 'https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject', 'http://www.ansible.com', 'http://www.saltstack.com', 'https://www.python.org/dev/peps/peps.rss', 'http://planetpython.org/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/past/', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions', 'https://www.python.org/community/diversity/', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html', 'https://www.python.org/community/awards', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/638/', 'https://www.python.org/about/legal/', 'https://www.python.org/dev/', 'https://www.python.org/download/alternatives', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/', 'https://www.python.org/community/lists/', 'http://www.wxpython.org/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#government', 'https://www.python.org/psf/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/', 'http://bottlepy.org', 'http://roundup.sourceforge.net/', 'http://pandas.pydata.org/', 'http://brochure.getpython.info/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/source/', 'https://bugs.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/', 'https://www.python.org/about/help/', 'http://tornadoweb.org', 'http://flask.pocoo.org/', 'https://www.python.org/users/membership/', 'http://blog.python.org', 'https://www.python.org/privacy/', 'https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/', 'http://python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://www.python.org/about/apps/', 'https://docs.python.org', 'https://www.python.org/success-stories/', 'https://www.python.org/community/forums/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/zVC80sq9s00/python-364-is-now-available.html', 'https://www.python.org/community/merchandise/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#arts', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3', 'http://trac.edgewall.org/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/wh73_1A-N7Q/python-355rc1-and-python-348rc1-are-now.html', 'https://pypi.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/650/', 'http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro', 'https://www.python.org/about/quotes/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/', 'https://www.python.org/events/calendars/', 'http://www.scipy.org', 'https://www.python.org/community/workshops/', 'https://www.python.org/blogs/', 'https://www.python.org/accounts/signup/', 'https://www.python.org/events/', 'https://kivy.org/', 'http://www.facebook.com/pythonlang?fref=ts', 'http://www.web2py.com/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/sponsorship/sponsors/', 'https://www.python.org/community/', 'https://www.python.org/download/other/', 'https://www.python.org/psf-landing/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/665/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide', 'https://www.python.org/accounts/login/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-364/', 'https://www.python.org/dev/core-mentorship/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#business', 'https://www.python.org/community/sigs/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/', 'http://ipython.org', 'https://www.python.org/shell/', 'https://www.python.org/community/irc/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#engineering', 'http://www.pylonsproject.org/', 'http://pycon.blogspot.com/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#scientific', 'https://www.python.org/doc/essays/', 'http://www.djangoproject.com/', 'https://www.python.org/success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/x_c9D0S-4C4/python-370b1-is-now-available-for.html', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter', 'https://www.python.org/jobs/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-events/604/'}Wählen Sie ein Element mit einem CSS-Selektor aus:
>>> about = r.html.find( ' #about ' , first = True )Erfassen Sie den Textinhalt eines Elements:
>>> print (about.text)
About
Applications
Quotes
Getting Started
Help
Python BrochureUntersuchen Sie die Attribute eines Elements:
>>> about.attrs
{'id': 'about', 'class': ('tier-1', 'element-1'), 'aria-haspopup': 'true'}Rendern Sie den HTML-Code eines Elements:
>>> about.html
'<li aria-haspopup="true" class="tier-1 element-1 " id="about">n<a class="" href="/about/" title="">About</a>n<ul aria-hidden="true" class="subnav menu" role="menu">n<li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/apps/" title="">Applications</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/quotes/" title="">Quotes</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/gettingstarted/" title="">Getting Started</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/help/" title="">Help</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="http://brochure.getpython.info/" title="">Python Brochure</a></li>n</ul>n</li>'Wählen Sie Elemente innerhalb von Elementen aus:
>>> about.find( ' a ' )
[<Element 'a' href='/about/' title='' class=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/apps/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/quotes/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/gettingstarted/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/help/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='http://brochure.getpython.info/' title=''>]Nach Links innerhalb eines Elements suchen:
>>> about.absolute_links
{'http://brochure.getpython.info/', 'https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/', 'https://www.python.org/about/', 'https://www.python.org/about/quotes/', 'https://www.python.org/about/help/', 'https://www.python.org/about/apps/'}Nach Text auf der Seite suchen:
>>> r.html.search( ' Python is a {} language ' )[ 0 ]
programmingKomplexeres CSS-Selektor-Beispiel (kopiert aus den Chrome-Entwicklungstools):
>>> r = session.get( ' https://github.com/ ' )
>>> sel = ' body > div.application-main > div.jumbotron.jumbotron-codelines > div > div > div.col-md-7.text-center.text-md-left > p '
>>> print (r.html.find(sel, first = True ).text)
GitHub is a development platform inspired by the way you work. From open source to business, you can host and review code, manage projects, and build software alongside millions of other developers.XPath wird auch unterstützt:
>>> r.html.xpath( ' /html/body/div[1]/a ' )
[<Element 'a' class=('px-2', 'py-4', 'show-on-focus', 'js-skip-to-content') href='#start-of-content' tabindex='1'>]Nehmen wir einen Text, der von JavaScript gerendert wird. Bis 2020 dient die Countdown-Uhr von Python 2.7 (https://pythonclock.org) als gute Testseite:
>>> r = session.get( ' https://pythonclock.org ' )Versuchen wir, den dynamisch gerenderten Code (die Countdown-Uhr) zu sehen. Um dies zunächst schnell zu erledigen, suchen wir zwischen dem letzten Text, den wir davor sehen („Python 2.7 wird in den Ruhestand gehen in...“) und dem ersten Text, den wir danach sehen („Enable Guido Mode“).
>>> r.html.search( ' Python 2.7 will retire in... {} Enable Guido Mode ' )[ 0 ]
'</h1>n </div>n <div class="python-27-clock"></div>n <div class="center">n <div class="guido-button-block">n <button class="js-guido-mode guido-button">' Beachten Sie, dass die Uhr fehlt. Die render() Methode nimmt die Antwort entgegen und rendert den dynamischen Inhalt wie ein Webbrowser.
>>> r.html.render()
>>> r.html.search( ' Python 2.7 will retire in... {} Enable Guido Mode ' )[ 0 ]
'</h1>n </div>n <div class="python-27-clock is-countdown"><span class="countdown-row countdown-show6"><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">1</span><span class="countdown-period">Year</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">2</span><span class="countdown-period">Months</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">28</span><span class="countdown-period">Days</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">16</span><span class="countdown-period">Hours</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">52</span><span class="countdown-period">Minutes</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">46</span><span class="countdown-period">Seconds</span></span></span></div>n <div class="center">n <div class="guido-button-block">n <button class="js-guido-mode guido-button">'Lasst es uns ein wenig aufräumen. Dieser Schritt ist nicht erforderlich, er erleichtert lediglich die Visualisierung des zurückgegebenen HTML-Codes, um zu sehen, worauf wir abzielen müssen, um unsere erforderlichen Informationen zu extrahieren.
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(r.html.search('Python 2.7 will retire in...{}Enable')[0])
('</h1>n'
' </div>n'
' <div class="python-27-clock is-countdown"><span class="countdown-row '
'countdown-show6"><span class="countdown-section"><span '
'class="countdown-amount">1</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Year</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">2</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Months</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">28</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Days</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">16</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Hours</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">52</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Minutes</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">46</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Seconds</span></span></span></div>n'
' <div class="center">n'
' <div class="guido-button-block">n'
' <button class="js-guido-mode guido-button">')Der gerenderte HTML-Code verfügt über dieselben Methoden und Attribute wie oben. Extrahieren wir einfach die Daten, die wir aus der Uhr haben möchten, in etwas, das einfach an anderer Stelle verwendet werden kann und in ein Wörterbuch übergeht.
>>> periods = [element.text for element in r.html.find( ' .countdown-period ' )]
>>> amounts = [element.text for element in r.html.find( ' .countdown-amount ' )]
>>> countdown_data = dict ( zip (periods, amounts))
>>> countdown_data
{'Year': '1', 'Months': '2', 'Days': '5', 'Hours': '23', 'Minutes': '34', 'Seconds': '37'}Oder Sie können dies auch asynchron tun:
>>> async def get_pyclock ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://pythonclock.org/ ' )
... await r.html.arender()
... return r
...
>>> results = asession.run(get_pyclock, get_pyclock, get_pyclock) Der Rest des Codes funktioniert auf die gleiche Weise wie die synchrone Version, außer dass es sich results um eine Liste mit mehreren Antwortobjekten handelt. Es können jedoch dieselben grundlegenden Prozesse wie oben angewendet werden, um die gewünschten Daten zu extrahieren.
Beachten Sie, dass Chromium beim ersten Ausführen der render() -Methode in Ihr Home-Verzeichnis heruntergeladen wird (z. B. ~/.pyppeteer/ ). Dies geschieht nur einmal.
Sie können diese Bibliothek auch ohne Anfragen nutzen:
>>> from requests_html import HTML
>>> doc = """ <a href='https://httpbin.org'> """
>>> html = HTML( html = doc)
>>> html.links
{'https://httpbin.org'}$ pipenv install requests-html
?Es wird nur Python 3.6 und höher unterstützt.
