requests html
v0.10.0
Esta biblioteca pretende hacer que el análisis de HTML (por ejemplo, el raspado de la web) sea lo más simple e intuitivo posible.
Al utilizar esta biblioteca, automáticamente obtienes:
Realice una solicitud GET a 'python.org', utilizando Solicitudes:
>>> from requests_html import HTMLSession
>>> session = HTMLSession()
>>> r = session.get( ' https://python.org/ ' )Pruebe async y obtenga algunos sitios al mismo tiempo:
>>> from requests_html import AsyncHTMLSession
>>> asession = AsyncHTMLSession()
>>> async def get_pythonorg ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://python.org/ ' )
... return r
...
>>> async def get_reddit ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://reddit.com/ ' )
... return r
...
>>> async def get_google ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://google.com/ ' )
... return r
...
>>> results = asession.run(get_pythonorg, get_reddit, get_google)
>>> results # check the requests all returned a 200 (success) code
[<Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>]
>>> # Each item in the results list is a response object and can be interacted with as such
>>> for result in results:
... print (result.html.url)
...
https://www.python.org/
https://www.google.com/
https://www.reddit.com/ Tenga en cuenta que el orden de los objetos en la lista de resultados representa el orden en que se devolvieron, no el orden en que se pasan las corrutinas al método run , que se muestra en el ejemplo porque el orden es diferente.
Obtenga una lista de todos los enlaces de la página, tal como están (anclajes excluidos):
>>> r.html.links
{'//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/', '/about/apps/', 'https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues', '/accounts/login/', '/dev/peps/', '/about/legal/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists', '/download/alternatives', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/kihd2DW98YY/python-370a4-is-available-for-testing.html', '/download/other/', '/downloads/windows/', 'https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev', '/doc/av', 'https://devguide.python.org/', '/about/success/#engineering', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event', 'https://www.openstack.org', '/about/gettingstarted/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/AMoBel8b8Mc/python-3.html', '/success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/', 'http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator', '/', 'http://pyfound.blogspot.com/', '/events/python-events/past/', '/downloads/release/python-2714/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks', 'http://plus.google.com/+Python', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/', 'https://status.python.org/', '/community/workshops/', '/community/lists/', 'http://buildbot.net/', '/community/awards', 'http://twitter.com/ThePSF', 'https://docs.python.org/3/license.html', '/psf/donations/', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages', '/dev/', '/events/python-user-group/', 'https://wiki.qt.io/PySide', '/community/sigs/', 'https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject', 'http://www.ansible.com', 'http://www.saltstack.com', 'http://planetpython.org/', '/events/python-events', '/about/help/', '/events/python-user-group/past/', '/about/success/', '/psf-landing/', '/about/apps', '/about/', 'http://www.wxpython.org/', '/events/python-user-group/665/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/', '/dev/peps/peps.rss', '/downloads/source/', '/psf/sponsorship/sponsors/', 'http://bottlepy.org', 'http://roundup.sourceforge.net/', 'http://pandas.pydata.org/', 'http://brochure.getpython.info/', 'https://bugs.python.org/', '/community/merchandise/', 'http://tornadoweb.org', '/events/python-user-group/650/', 'http://flask.pocoo.org/', '/downloads/release/python-364/', '/events/python-user-group/660/', '/events/python-user-group/638/', '/psf/', '/doc/', 'http://blog.python.org', '/events/python-events/604/', '/about/success/#government', 'http://python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://docs.python.org', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/zVC80sq9s00/python-364-is-now-available.html', '/users/membership/', '/about/success/#arts', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3', '/downloads/', '/jobs/', 'http://trac.edgewall.org/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/wh73_1A-N7Q/python-355rc1-and-python-348rc1-are-now.html', '/privacy/', 'https://pypi.python.org/', 'http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro', 'http://www.scipy.org', '/community/forums/', '/about/success/#scientific', '/about/success/#software-development', '/shell/', '/accounts/signup/', 'http://www.facebook.com/pythonlang?fref=ts', '/community/', 'https://kivy.org/', '/about/quotes/', 'http://www.web2py.com/', '/community/logos/', '/community/diversity/', '/events/calendars/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide', '/success-stories/', '/doc/essays/', '/dev/core-mentorship/', 'http://ipython.org', '/events/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html', '/about/success/#education', '/blogs/', '/community/irc/', 'http://pycon.blogspot.com/', '//jobs.python.org', 'http://www.pylonsproject.org/', 'http://www.djangoproject.com/', '/downloads/mac-osx/', '/about/success/#business', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/x_c9D0S-4C4/python-370b1-is-now-available-for.html', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter', 'https://docs.python.org/faq/', '//docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions'}Obtenga una lista de todos los enlaces de la página, en forma absoluta (excluidos los anclajes):
>>> r.html.absolute_links
{'https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/kihd2DW98YY/python-370a4-is-available-for-testing.html', 'https://www.python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev', 'https://www.python.org/doc/', 'https://www.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/about/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-events/past/', 'https://devguide.python.org/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event', 'https://www.openstack.org', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/AMoBel8b8Mc/python-3.html', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists', 'http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator', 'http://pyfound.blogspot.com/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks', 'http://plus.google.com/+Python', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-events', 'https://status.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/about/apps', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-2714/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/donations/', 'http://buildbot.net/', 'http://twitter.com/ThePSF', 'https://docs.python.org/3/license.html', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages', 'https://docs.python.org/faq/', 'https://jobs.python.org', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#software-development', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#education', 'https://www.python.org/community/logos/', 'https://www.python.org/doc/av', 'https://wiki.qt.io/PySide', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/660/', 'https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject', 'http://www.ansible.com', 'http://www.saltstack.com', 'https://www.python.org/dev/peps/peps.rss', 'http://planetpython.org/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/past/', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions', 'https://www.python.org/community/diversity/', 'https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html', 'https://www.python.org/community/awards', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/638/', 'https://www.python.org/about/legal/', 'https://www.python.org/dev/', 'https://www.python.org/download/alternatives', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/', 'https://www.python.org/community/lists/', 'http://www.wxpython.org/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#government', 'https://www.python.org/psf/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/', 'http://bottlepy.org', 'http://roundup.sourceforge.net/', 'http://pandas.pydata.org/', 'http://brochure.getpython.info/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/source/', 'https://bugs.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/', 'https://www.python.org/about/help/', 'http://tornadoweb.org', 'http://flask.pocoo.org/', 'https://www.python.org/users/membership/', 'http://blog.python.org', 'https://www.python.org/privacy/', 'https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/', 'http://python.org/dev/peps/', 'https://www.python.org/about/apps/', 'https://docs.python.org', 'https://www.python.org/success-stories/', 'https://www.python.org/community/forums/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/zVC80sq9s00/python-364-is-now-available.html', 'https://www.python.org/community/merchandise/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#arts', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3', 'http://trac.edgewall.org/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/wh73_1A-N7Q/python-355rc1-and-python-348rc1-are-now.html', 'https://pypi.python.org/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/650/', 'http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro', 'https://www.python.org/about/quotes/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/', 'https://www.python.org/events/calendars/', 'http://www.scipy.org', 'https://www.python.org/community/workshops/', 'https://www.python.org/blogs/', 'https://www.python.org/accounts/signup/', 'https://www.python.org/events/', 'https://kivy.org/', 'http://www.facebook.com/pythonlang?fref=ts', 'http://www.web2py.com/', 'https://www.python.org/psf/sponsorship/sponsors/', 'https://www.python.org/community/', 'https://www.python.org/download/other/', 'https://www.python.org/psf-landing/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/665/', 'https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide', 'https://www.python.org/accounts/login/', 'https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-364/', 'https://www.python.org/dev/core-mentorship/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#business', 'https://www.python.org/community/sigs/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-user-group/', 'http://ipython.org', 'https://www.python.org/shell/', 'https://www.python.org/community/irc/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#engineering', 'http://www.pylonsproject.org/', 'http://pycon.blogspot.com/', 'https://www.python.org/about/success/#scientific', 'https://www.python.org/doc/essays/', 'http://www.djangoproject.com/', 'https://www.python.org/success-stories/industrial-light-magic-runs-python/', 'http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/PythonInsider/~3/x_c9D0S-4C4/python-370b1-is-now-available-for.html', 'http://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter', 'https://www.python.org/jobs/', 'https://www.python.org/events/python-events/604/'}Seleccione un elemento con un selector CSS:
>>> about = r.html.find( ' #about ' , first = True )Tome el contenido de texto de un elemento:
>>> print (about.text)
About
Applications
Quotes
Getting Started
Help
Python BrochureIntrospeccione los atributos de un elemento:
>>> about.attrs
{'id': 'about', 'class': ('tier-1', 'element-1'), 'aria-haspopup': 'true'}Representa el HTML de un elemento:
>>> about.html
'<li aria-haspopup="true" class="tier-1 element-1 " id="about">n<a class="" href="/about/" title="">About</a>n<ul aria-hidden="true" class="subnav menu" role="menu">n<li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/apps/" title="">Applications</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/quotes/" title="">Quotes</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/gettingstarted/" title="">Getting Started</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/help/" title="">Help</a></li>n<li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="http://brochure.getpython.info/" title="">Python Brochure</a></li>n</ul>n</li>'Seleccionar Elementos dentro de Elementos:
>>> about.find( ' a ' )
[<Element 'a' href='/about/' title='' class=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/apps/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/quotes/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/gettingstarted/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='/about/help/' title=''>, <Element 'a' href='http://brochure.getpython.info/' title=''>]Buscar enlaces dentro de un elemento:
>>> about.absolute_links
{'http://brochure.getpython.info/', 'https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/', 'https://www.python.org/about/', 'https://www.python.org/about/quotes/', 'https://www.python.org/about/help/', 'https://www.python.org/about/apps/'}Buscar texto en la página:
>>> r.html.search( ' Python is a {} language ' )[ 0 ]
programmingEjemplo de selector de CSS más complejo (copiado de las herramientas de desarrollo de Chrome):
>>> r = session.get( ' https://github.com/ ' )
>>> sel = ' body > div.application-main > div.jumbotron.jumbotron-codelines > div > div > div.col-md-7.text-center.text-md-left > p '
>>> print (r.html.find(sel, first = True ).text)
GitHub is a development platform inspired by the way you work. From open source to business, you can host and review code, manage projects, and build software alongside millions of other developers.XPath también es compatible:
>>> r.html.xpath( ' /html/body/div[1]/a ' )
[<Element 'a' class=('px-2', 'py-4', 'show-on-focus', 'js-skip-to-content') href='#start-of-content' tabindex='1'>]Tomemos algo de texto representado por JavaScript. Hasta 2020, el reloj de cuenta atrás de Python 2.7 (https://pythonclock.org) servirá como una buena página de prueba:
>>> r = session.get( ' https://pythonclock.org ' )Intentemos ver el código renderizado dinámicamente (el reloj de cuenta regresiva). Para hacerlo rápidamente al principio, buscaremos entre el último texto que veamos antes ('Python 2.7 se retirará en...') y el primer texto que veamos después ('Habilitar modo Guido').
>>> r.html.search( ' Python 2.7 will retire in... {} Enable Guido Mode ' )[ 0 ]
'</h1>n </div>n <div class="python-27-clock"></div>n <div class="center">n <div class="guido-button-block">n <button class="js-guido-mode guido-button">' Observe que falta el reloj. El método render() toma la respuesta y representa el contenido dinámico tal como lo haría un navegador web.
>>> r.html.render()
>>> r.html.search( ' Python 2.7 will retire in... {} Enable Guido Mode ' )[ 0 ]
'</h1>n </div>n <div class="python-27-clock is-countdown"><span class="countdown-row countdown-show6"><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">1</span><span class="countdown-period">Year</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">2</span><span class="countdown-period">Months</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">28</span><span class="countdown-period">Days</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">16</span><span class="countdown-period">Hours</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">52</span><span class="countdown-period">Minutes</span></span><span class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">46</span><span class="countdown-period">Seconds</span></span></span></div>n <div class="center">n <div class="guido-button-block">n <button class="js-guido-mode guido-button">'Limpiémoslo un poco. Este paso no es necesario, simplemente hace que sea un poco más fácil visualizar el html devuelto para ver a qué debemos apuntar para extraer la información requerida.
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(r.html.search('Python 2.7 will retire in...{}Enable')[0])
('</h1>n'
' </div>n'
' <div class="python-27-clock is-countdown"><span class="countdown-row '
'countdown-show6"><span class="countdown-section"><span '
'class="countdown-amount">1</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Year</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">2</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Months</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">28</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Days</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">16</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Hours</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">52</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Minutes</span></span><span '
'class="countdown-section"><span class="countdown-amount">46</span><span '
'class="countdown-period">Seconds</span></span></span></div>n'
' <div class="center">n'
' <div class="guido-button-block">n'
' <button class="js-guido-mode guido-button">')El html renderizado tiene los mismos métodos y atributos que el anterior. Extraigamos solo los datos que queremos sacar del reloj y conviértalos en algo fácil de usar en otro lugar y hagamos una introspección como un diccionario.
>>> periods = [element.text for element in r.html.find( ' .countdown-period ' )]
>>> amounts = [element.text for element in r.html.find( ' .countdown-amount ' )]
>>> countdown_data = dict ( zip (periods, amounts))
>>> countdown_data
{'Year': '1', 'Months': '2', 'Days': '5', 'Hours': '23', 'Minutes': '34', 'Seconds': '37'}O puedes hacer esto asíncrono también:
>>> async def get_pyclock ():
... r = await asession.get( ' https://pythonclock.org/ ' )
... await r.html.arender()
... return r
...
>>> results = asession.run(get_pyclock, get_pyclock, get_pyclock) El resto del código funciona de la misma manera que la versión síncrona, excepto que results son una lista que contiene múltiples objetos de respuesta; sin embargo, se pueden aplicar los mismos procesos básicos que antes para extraer los datos que desea.
Tenga en cuenta que la primera vez que ejecute el método render() , descargará Chromium en su directorio de inicio (por ejemplo, ~/.pyppeteer/ ). Esto sólo sucede una vez.
También puedes usar esta biblioteca sin Solicitudes:
>>> from requests_html import HTML
>>> doc = """ <a href='https://httpbin.org'> """
>>> html = HTML( html = doc)
>>> html.links
{'https://httpbin.org'}$ pipenv install requests-html
?Solo se admite Python 3.6 y superiores .
