Spring Boot Shiro
1.0.0
GitHub 專案地址：https://github.com/Smith-Cruise/Spring-Boot-Shiro 。
我也是半路出家的人，如果大家有什麼好的意見或批評，請務必issue下。
如果想要直接體驗，直接clone項目，運行mvn spring-boot:run指令即可進行存取。網址規則自行看教程後面。
如果想了解Spring Security 可以看
Spring Boot 2.0+Srping Security+Thymeleaf的簡易教學
Spring Boot 2 + Spring Security 5 + JWT 的單頁應用Restful解決方案（建議）
在開始本教學之前，請保證已經熟悉以下幾點。
Controller 、 RestController 、 Autowired等這些基本註解。其實看看官方的Getting-Start 教學就差不多了。簡要的說明下我們為什麼要用JWT ，因為我們要實現完全的前後端分離，所以不可能使用session ， cookie的方式進行鑑權，所以JWT 就被派上了用場，你可以透過一個加密金鑰來進行前後端的鑑權。
/login進行登入，如果成功回傳一個加密token，失敗的話直接回傳401 錯誤。header中新增Authorization字段，例如Authorization: token ， token為金鑰。token的校驗，如果有誤會直接回傳401。 username訊息在token 中。token進行加密。 token中攜帶的username資訊。token是否正確。 新建一個Maven 工程，新增相關的dependencies。
<? xml version = " 1.0 " encoding = " UTF-8 " ?>
< project xmlns = " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 "
xmlns : xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
xsi : schemaLocation = " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd " >
< modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion >
< groupId >org.inlighting</ groupId >
< artifactId >shiro-study</ artifactId >
< version >1.0-SNAPSHOT</ version >
< dependencies >
< dependency >
< groupId >org.apache.shiro</ groupId >
< artifactId >shiro-spring</ artifactId >
< version >1.3.2</ version >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >com.auth0</ groupId >
< artifactId >java-jwt</ artifactId >
< version >3.2.0</ version >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-boot-starter-web</ artifactId >
< version >1.5.8.RELEASE</ version >
</ dependency >
</ dependencies >
< build >
< plugins >
<!-- Srping Boot 打包工具 -->
< plugin >
< groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-boot-maven-plugin</ artifactId >
< version >1.5.7.RELEASE</ version >
< executions >
< execution >
< goals >
< goal >repackage</ goal >
</ goals >
</ execution >
</ executions >
</ plugin >
<!-- 指定JDK编译版本 -->
< plugin >
< groupId >org.apache.maven.plugins</ groupId >
< artifactId >maven-compiler-plugin</ artifactId >
< configuration >
< source >1.8</ source >
< target >1.8</ target >
< encoding >UTF-8</ encoding >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
</ plugins >
</ build >
</ project >注意指定JDK版本和編碼。
為了縮減教學的程式碼，我使用HashMap本地模擬了一個資料庫，結構如下：
| username | password | role | permission |
|---|---|---|---|
| smith | smith123 | user | view |
| danny | danny123 | admin | view,edit |
這是一個最簡單的使用者權限表，如果想進一步了解，請自行百度RBAC。
之後再建構一個UserService來模擬資料庫查詢，並且把結果放到UserBean之中。
UserService.java
@ Component
public class UserService {
public UserBean getUser ( String username ) {
// 没有此用户直接返回null
if (! DataSource . getData (). containsKey ( username ))
return null ;
UserBean user = new UserBean ();
Map < String , String > detail = DataSource . getData (). get ( username );
user . setUsername ( username );
user . setPassword ( detail . get ( "password" ));
user . setRole ( detail . get ( "role" ));
user . setPermission ( detail . get ( "permission" ));
return user ;
}
}UserBean.java
public class UserBean {
private String username ;
private String password ;
private String role ;
private String permission ;
public String getUsername () {
return username ;
}
public void setUsername ( String username ) {
this . username = username ;
}
public String getPassword () {
return password ;
}
public void setPassword ( String password ) {
this . password = password ;
}
public String getRole () {
return role ;
}
public void setRole ( String role ) {
this . role = role ;
}
public String getPermission () {
return permission ;
}
public void setPermission ( String permission ) {
this . permission = permission ;
}
}我們寫一個簡單的JWT 加密，校驗工具，並且使用使用者自己的密碼充當加密金鑰，這樣保證了token 即使被他人截獲也無法破解。而我們在token中附帶了username訊息，並且設定密鑰5分鐘就會過期。
public class JWTUtil {
// 过期时间5分钟
private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 5 * 60 * 1000 ;
/**
* 校验token是否正确
* @param token 密钥
* @param secret 用户的密码
* @return 是否正确
*/
public static boolean verify ( String token , String username , String secret ) {
try {
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm . HMAC256 ( secret );
JWTVerifier verifier = JWT . require ( algorithm )
. withClaim ( "username" , username )
. build ();
DecodedJWT jwt = verifier . verify ( token );
return true ;
} catch ( Exception exception ) {
return false ;
}
}
/**
* 获得token中的信息无需secret解密也能获得
* @return token中包含的用户名
*/
public static String getUsername ( String token ) {
try {
DecodedJWT jwt = JWT . decode ( token );
return jwt . getClaim ( "username" ). asString ();
} catch ( JWTDecodeException e ) {
return null ;
}
}
/**
* 生成签名,5min后过期
* @param username 用户名
* @param secret 用户的密码
* @return 加密的token
*/
public static String sign ( String username , String secret ) {
try {
Date date = new Date ( System . currentTimeMillis ()+ EXPIRE_TIME );
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm . HMAC256 ( secret );
// 附带username信息
return JWT . create ()
. withClaim ( "username" , username )
. withExpiresAt ( date )
. sign ( algorithm );
} catch ( UnsupportedEncodingException e ) {
return null ;
}
}
}ResponseBean.java
既然想要實作restful，那我們要確保每次回傳的格式都是相同的，因此我建立了一個ResponseBean來統一回傳的格式。
public class ResponseBean {
// http 状态码
private int code ;
// 返回信息
private String msg ;
// 返回的数据
private Object data ;
public ResponseBean ( int code , String msg , Object data ) {
this . code = code ;
this . msg = msg ;
this . data = data ;
}
public int getCode () {
return code ;
}
public void setCode ( int code ) {
this . code = code ;
}
public String getMsg () {
return msg ;
}
public void setMsg ( String msg ) {
this . msg = msg ;
}
public Object getData () {
return data ;
}
public void setData ( Object data ) {
this . data = data ;
}
}自訂異常
為了實現我自己能夠手動拋出異常，我自己寫了一個UnauthorizedException.java
public class UnauthorizedException extends RuntimeException {
public UnauthorizedException ( String msg ) {
super ( msg );
}
public UnauthorizedException () {
super ();
}
}URL結構
| URL | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /login | 登入 |
| /article | 所有人都可以訪問，但是用戶與遊客看到的內容不同 |
| /require_auth | 登錄的用戶才可以進行訪問 |
| /require_role | admin的角色用戶才可以登入 |
| /require_permission | 擁有view和edit權限的使用者才可以訪問 |
Controller
@ RestController
public class WebController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager . getLogger ( WebController . class );
private UserService userService ;
@ Autowired
public void setService ( UserService userService ) {
this . userService = userService ;
}
@ PostMapping ( "/login" )
public ResponseBean login ( @ RequestParam ( "username" ) String username ,
@ RequestParam ( "password" ) String password ) {
UserBean userBean = userService . getUser ( username );
if ( userBean . getPassword (). equals ( password )) {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "Login success" , JWTUtil . sign ( username , password ));
} else {
throw new UnauthorizedException ();
}
}
@ GetMapping ( "/article" )
public ResponseBean article () {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils . getSubject ();
if ( subject . isAuthenticated ()) {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are already logged in" , null );
} else {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are guest" , null );
}
}
@ GetMapping ( "/require_auth" )
@ RequiresAuthentication
public ResponseBean requireAuth () {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are authenticated" , null );
}
@ GetMapping ( "/require_role" )
@ RequiresRoles ( "admin" )
public ResponseBean requireRole () {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are visiting require_role" , null );
}
@ GetMapping ( "/require_permission" )
@ RequiresPermissions ( logical = Logical . AND , value = { "view" , "edit" })
public ResponseBean requirePermission () {
return new ResponseBean ( 200 , "You are visiting permission require edit,view" , null );
}
@ RequestMapping ( path = "/401" )
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . UNAUTHORIZED )
public ResponseBean unauthorized () {
return new ResponseBean ( 401 , "Unauthorized" , null );
}
}處理框架異常
之前說過restful 要統一回傳的格式，所以我們也要全域處理Spring Boot的拋出異常。利用@RestControllerAdvice能很好的實作。
@ RestControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
// 捕捉shiro的异常
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . UNAUTHORIZED )
@ ExceptionHandler ( ShiroException . class )
public ResponseBean handle401 ( ShiroException e ) {
return new ResponseBean ( 401 , e . getMessage (), null );
}
// 捕捉UnauthorizedException
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . UNAUTHORIZED )
@ ExceptionHandler ( UnauthorizedException . class )
public ResponseBean handle401 () {
return new ResponseBean ( 401 , "Unauthorized" , null );
}
// 捕捉其他所有异常
@ ExceptionHandler ( Exception . class )
@ ResponseStatus ( HttpStatus . BAD_REQUEST )
public ResponseBean globalException ( HttpServletRequest request , Throwable ex ) {
return new ResponseBean ( getStatus ( request ). value (), ex . getMessage (), null );
}
private HttpStatus getStatus ( HttpServletRequest request ) {
Integer statusCode = ( Integer ) request . getAttribute ( "javax.servlet.error.status_code" );
if ( statusCode == null ) {
return HttpStatus . INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR ;
}
return HttpStatus . valueOf ( statusCode );
}
}大家可以先看下官方的Spring-Shiro 整合教程，有初步的了解。不過既然我們用了Spring-Boot ，那我們一定要爭取零設定檔。
實現JWTToken
JWTToken差不多就是Shiro用戶名密碼的載體。因為我們是前後端分離，伺服器不需要儲存使用者狀態，所以不需要RememberMe這類功能，我們簡單的實作下AuthenticationToken介面即可。因為token自己已經包含了用戶名等信息，所以這裡我就弄了一個字段。如果你喜歡鑽研，可以看看官方的UsernamePasswordToken是如何實現的。
public class JWTToken implements AuthenticationToken {
// 密钥
private String token ;
public JWTToken ( String token ) {
this . token = token ;
}
@ Override
public Object getPrincipal () {
return token ;
}
@ Override
public Object getCredentials () {
return token ;
}
}實現Realm
realm的用來處理使用者是否合法的這一塊，需要我們自己實作。
@ Service
public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager . getLogger ( MyRealm . class );
private UserService userService ;
@ Autowired
public void setUserService ( UserService userService ) {
this . userService = userService ;
}
/**
* 大坑！，必须重写此方法，不然Shiro会报错
*/
@ Override
public boolean supports ( AuthenticationToken token ) {
return token instanceof JWTToken ;
}
/**
* 只有当需要检测用户权限的时候才会调用此方法，例如checkRole,checkPermission之类的
*/
@ Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo ( PrincipalCollection principals ) {
String username = JWTUtil . getUsername ( principals . toString ());
UserBean user = userService . getUser ( username );
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo ();
simpleAuthorizationInfo . addRole ( user . getRole ());
Set < String > permission = new HashSet <>( Arrays . asList ( user . getPermission (). split ( "," )));
simpleAuthorizationInfo . addStringPermissions ( permission );
return simpleAuthorizationInfo ;
}
/**
* 默认使用此方法进行用户名正确与否验证，错误抛出异常即可。
*/
@ Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo ( AuthenticationToken auth ) throws AuthenticationException {
String token = ( String ) auth . getCredentials ();
// 解密获得username，用于和数据库进行对比
String username = JWTUtil . getUsername ( token );
if ( username == null ) {
throw new AuthenticationException ( "token invalid" );
}
UserBean userBean = userService . getUser ( username );
if ( userBean == null ) {
throw new AuthenticationException ( "User didn't existed!" );
}
if (! JWTUtil . verify ( token , username , userBean . getPassword ())) {
throw new AuthenticationException ( "Username or password error" );
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo ( token , token , "my_realm" );
}
}在doGetAuthenticationInfo()中使用者可以自訂拋出許多異常，詳情請參閱文件。
重寫Filter
所有的請求都會先經過Filter ，所以我們繼承官方的BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter ，並且重寫鑑權的方法。
程式碼的執行流程preHandle -> isAccessAllowed -> isLoginAttempt -> executeLogin 。
public class JWTFilter extends BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter {
private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( this . getClass ());
/**
* 判断用户是否想要登入。
* 检测header里面是否包含Authorization字段即可
*/
@ Override
protected boolean isLoginAttempt ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ) {
HttpServletRequest req = ( HttpServletRequest ) request ;
String authorization = req . getHeader ( "Authorization" );
return authorization != null ;
}
/**
*
*/
@ Override
protected boolean executeLogin ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = ( HttpServletRequest ) request ;
String authorization = httpServletRequest . getHeader ( "Authorization" );
JWTToken token = new JWTToken ( authorization );
// 提交给realm进行登入，如果错误他会抛出异常并被捕获
getSubject ( request , response ). login ( token );
// 如果没有抛出异常则代表登入成功，返回true
return true ;
}
/**
* 这里我们详细说明下为什么最终返回的都是true，即允许访问
* 例如我们提供一个地址 GET /article
* 登入用户和游客看到的内容是不同的
* 如果在这里返回了false，请求会被直接拦截，用户看不到任何东西
* 所以我们在这里返回true，Controller中可以通过 subject.isAuthenticated() 来判断用户是否登入
* 如果有些资源只有登入用户才能访问，我们只需要在方法上面加上 @RequiresAuthentication 注解即可
* 但是这样做有一个缺点，就是不能够对GET,POST等请求进行分别过滤鉴权(因为我们重写了官方的方法)，但实际上对应用影响不大
*/
@ Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response , Object mappedValue ) {
if ( isLoginAttempt ( request , response )) {
try {
executeLogin ( request , response );
} catch ( Exception e ) {
response401 ( request , response );
}
}
return true ;
}
/**
* 对跨域提供支持
*/
@ Override
protected boolean preHandle ( ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = ( HttpServletRequest ) request ;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = ( HttpServletResponse ) response ;
httpServletResponse . setHeader ( "Access-control-Allow-Origin" , httpServletRequest . getHeader ( "Origin" ));
httpServletResponse . setHeader ( "Access-Control-Allow-Methods" , "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE" );
httpServletResponse . setHeader ( "Access-Control-Allow-Headers" , httpServletRequest . getHeader ( "Access-Control-Request-Headers" ));
// 跨域时会首先发送一个option请求，这里我们给option请求直接返回正常状态
if ( httpServletRequest . getMethod (). equals ( RequestMethod . OPTIONS . name ())) {
httpServletResponse . setStatus ( HttpStatus . OK . value ());
return false ;
}
return super . preHandle ( request , response );
}
/**
* 将非法请求跳转到 /401
*/
private void response401 ( ServletRequest req , ServletResponse resp ) {
try {
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = ( HttpServletResponse ) resp ;
httpServletResponse . sendRedirect ( "/401" );
} catch ( IOException e ) {
LOGGER . error ( e . getMessage ());
}
}
} getSubject(request, response).login(token);這一步就是提交給了realm進行處理。
配置Shiro
@ Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@ Bean ( "securityManager" )
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getManager ( MyRealm realm ) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager manager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager ();
// 使用自己的realm
manager . setRealm ( realm );
/*
* 关闭shiro自带的session，详情见文档
* http://shiro.apache.org/session-management.html#SessionManagement-StatelessApplications%28Sessionless%29
*/
DefaultSubjectDAO subjectDAO = new DefaultSubjectDAO ();
DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator defaultSessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator ();
defaultSessionStorageEvaluator . setSessionStorageEnabled ( false );
subjectDAO . setSessionStorageEvaluator ( defaultSessionStorageEvaluator );
manager . setSubjectDAO ( subjectDAO );
return manager ;
}
@ Bean ( "shiroFilter" )
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean factory ( DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager ) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean ();
// 添加自己的过滤器并且取名为jwt
Map < String , Filter > filterMap = new HashMap <>();
filterMap . put ( "jwt" , new JWTFilter ());
factoryBean . setFilters ( filterMap );
factoryBean . setSecurityManager ( securityManager );
factoryBean . setUnauthorizedUrl ( "/401" );
/*
* 自定义url规则
* http://shiro.apache.org/web.html#urls-
*/
Map < String , String > filterRuleMap = new HashMap <>();
// 所有请求通过我们自己的JWT Filter
filterRuleMap . put ( "/**" , "jwt" );
// 访问401和404页面不通过我们的Filter
filterRuleMap . put ( "/401" , "anon" );
factoryBean . setFilterChainDefinitionMap ( filterRuleMap );
return factoryBean ;
}
/**
* 下面的代码是添加注解支持
*/
@ Bean
@ DependsOn ( "lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" )
public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator () {
DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ();
// 强制使用cglib，防止重复代理和可能引起代理出错的问题
// https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29161098
defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator . setProxyTargetClass ( true );
return defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ;
}
@ Bean
public LifecycleBeanPostProcessor lifecycleBeanPostProcessor () {
return new LifecycleBeanPostProcessor ();
}
@ Bean
public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor ( DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager ) {
AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor ();
advisor . setSecurityManager ( securityManager );
return advisor ;
}
}裡面URL 規則自己參考文件即可http://shiro.apache.org/web.html 。
我就說下程式碼還有哪些可以進步的地方吧
Cache功能。/401位址來實現。
