SQueriosL
1.0.0
建立表格員工（employee_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCRMENT、last_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL、first_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL、電子郵件VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL、hire_date DATE NOT NULL、註解、IUMTSEXFy. INDEX （姓氏），唯一（電子郵件））；
引擎=InnoDB；
建立表格地址(employee_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL，地址VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL，城市VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL，州CHAR(2) NOT NULL，郵遞區號CHAR(5) NOT NULL，FOREIGN KEY (employee_id) REFERENCES 員工(員工 ID) )
引擎=InnoDB；
建立表 charset_example ( -> id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCRMENT, -> ascii_string VARCHAR(255) 字元集 ascii NOT NULL, -> latin1_string VARCHAR(255) 字元集 latin1 NOT NULL, - latin1_string VARCHAR(255) 字元集 latin1 NOT NULL, - NULL, -> 主鍵(id) -> );
INSERT INTO 員工（名字、姓氏、電子郵件、僱用日期）值（'Nischal'、'Bhatia'、'[email protected]'、'2014-12-15'）；
INSERT INTO 員工（名字、姓氏、電子郵件、僱用日期） VALUES('Gurjot','Singh','[email protected]','2017-12-08');
INSERT INTO 員工（名字、姓氏、電子郵件、僱用日期） VALUES('Jaskaran','Singh','[email protected]','2017-04-14');
INSERT INTO 員工（姓名、姓氏、電子郵件、僱用日期）值（'Anjandeep'、'Singh'、'[email protected]'、'2017-11-30'）；
從員工中選擇*；
INSERT INTO 地址(employee_id,地址,城市,州,郵遞區號) VALUES(1, '123 Main Street', 'Anytowne', 'XE', '97052');
GROUP BY CLAUSE : :
- Suppose we want to find the top 10 customers who’ve spent the most money renting
movies.
SELECT customer_id, SUM(amount) AS Amt
FROM payment
-> GROUP BY customer_id
-> ORDER BY Amt DESC
-> LIMIT 10;
UPDATE CLAUSE : :
SELECT customer_id, first_name, last_name
FROM customer
WHERE first_name = 'Courtney' AND last_name = 'Day';
-- 更新客戶 SET last_name = 'DAY-WEBB' WHERE customer_id = 245;
-- 從客戶中選擇 customer_id、first_name、last_name、last_update WHERE first_name = 'Courtney';
DELETE CLAUSE : :
UPDATE customer
SET active = 0
WHERE customer_id = 245;
DELETE FROM rental / payment
WHERE customer_id = 245;
Now, we are allowed to delete the original P.K rows
DELETE FROM customer
WHERE customer_id = 245;
Retrieve all of the actors with “SON” in their last name and sort them alphabetically.
SELECT actor_id, last_name
FROM actor
WHERE last_name LIKE('%SON')
ORDER BY last_name ASC;
Calculate how many films there are for each rating category—G, PG, PG-13, R, and NC-17.
SELECT rating, COUNT(film_id) AS NumFilm
FROM film
GROUP BY rating;
What’s the ID of the customer who’s made the most visits to the video store?
SELECT customer_id, COUNT(payment_id) AS NumVisits, amount
FROM payment
GROUP BY customer_id
ORDER BY NumVisits DESC;
Let’s identify the top five actors who made the most film appearances and the
number of films they’ve each starred in.
SELECT actor_id, COUNT(actor_id) AS Appearances
FROM film_actor
GROUP BY actor_id
ORDER BY Appearances DESC
LIMIT 5;
Now, since actor_id is also present in the actor table
we use another SELECT statement to retrieve corresponding rows
SELECT actor_id, first_name, last_name
-> FROM actor
-> WHERE actor_id IN(107,102,198,181,23);
We have all the information we wanted, but unfortunately we still need to match
up the actors’ names and appearance counts manually
JOIN lets us do exactly that by connecting two or more tables based on a relationship that we specify.
SELECT a.first_name, a.last_name, COUNT(fa.actor_id) AS Appearance_Count
-> FROM film_actor fa JOIN actor a
-> ON a.actor_id = fa.actor_id
-> GROUP BY fa.actor_id
-> ORDER BY Appearance_Count DESC, a.first_name ASC, a.last_name ASC
-> LIMIT 5;
JOINS : : 3 Types : :
CREATE TABLE foo(foo_id INTEGER, foo_value CHAR(3));
CREATE TABLE bar(bar_id INTEGER, bar_value CHAR(3), foo_id INTEGER);
INSERT INTO foo(foo_id, foo_value)
-> VALUES(1, 'foo');
INSERT INTO foo(foo_id, foo_value)
-> VALUES(2, 'bar');
INSERT INTO bar(bar_id, bar_value, foo_id)
-> VALUES(1, 'baz', 2);
INSERT INTO bar(bar_id, bar_value, foo_id)
-> VALUES(2, 'qux', 3);
SHOW TABLES;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_foo |
+---------------+
| bar |
| foo |
+---------------+
SELECT *
-> FROM foo f INNER JOIN bar b
-> ON b.foo_id = f.foo_id;
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| foo_id | foo_value | bar_id | bar_value | foo_id |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| 2 | bar | 1 | baz | 2 |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
mysql> SELECT * -> FROM foo f 左外連接 bar b -> ON b.foo_id = f.foo_id;
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| foo_id | foo_value | bar_id | bar_value | foo_id |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| 1 | foo | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 2 | bar | 1 | baz | 2 |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
mysql> SELECT * -> FROM foo f 右外連接 bar b -> ON b.foo_id = f.foo_id;
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| foo_id | foo_value | bar_id | bar_value | foo_id |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| 2 | bar | 1 | baz | 2 |
| NULL | NULL | 2 | qux | 3 |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
mysql> SELECT * -> FROM foo JOIN bar;
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| foo_id | foo_value | bar_id | bar_value | foo_id |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| 1 | foo | 1 | baz | 2 |
| 2 | bar | 1 | baz | 2 |
| 1 | foo | 2 | qux | 3 |
| 2 | bar | 2 | qux | 3 |
+--------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
ABSTRACTING WITH VIEWS : :
mysql> CREATE VIEW Actor_Appearance AS -> SELECT a.first_name, a.last_name, COUNT(fa.film_id) AS Appearance_Count -> FROM film_actor fa JOIN actor a -> ON a.actor_id = fa.actor_id -> ON a.actor_id = fa.actor_id -. ;
mysql> SELECT * -> FROM Actor_Appearance -> ORDER BY Appearance_Count DESC -> LIMIT 5;
+------------+-----------+------------------+
| first_name | last_name | Appearance_Count |
+------------+-----------+------------------+
| GINA | DEGENERES | 42 |
| WALTER | TORN | 41 |
| MARY | KEITEL | 40 |
| MATTHEW | CARREY | 39 |
| SANDRA | KILMER | 37 |
+------------+-----------+------------------+
### Duplication may arise, if ::
SELECT c.first_name, c.last_name, c.last_update, a.address, a.last_update
FROM customer AS c JOIN address AS a
ON a.address_id = c.address_id;
### Possible Solution is to provide alias or : :
mysql> CREATE VIEW cust_address(first_name, last_name, cust_last_update, address, add_last_update) AS -> SELECT c.first_name, c.last_name, c.last_update, a.address, a.last_update -f.last_name, c.last_update, a.address, a.last_update - F. a.address_id = c.address_id;
mysql> 建立視圖 active_customer AS -> 選擇 customer_id、名字、姓氏、電子郵件 -> 來自客戶 -> WHERE active = 1;
NORMALIZING FORMS : :
THIRD NF :
SELECT a.actor_id, a.first_name, a.last_name, f.film_id, f.title
FROM film_actor fa
JOIN actor a ON fa.actor_id = a.actor_id
JOIN film f ON fa.film_id = f.film_id;
ALTERING TABLES : :
mysql> ALTER TABLE actor
-> ADD COLUMN bio VARCHAR(255) AFTER last_name;
mysql> ALTER TABLE actor
-> DROP COLUMN bio;
mysql> ALTER TABLE actor
-> ADD INDEX idx_last_update(last_update);
mysql> ALTER TABLE actor
-> DROP INDEX idx_last_update;
EXERCISE : :
mysql> SELECT COUNT(rental_id) AS Num_Rented, customer_id -> 來自租賃 -> GROUP BY customer_id -> ORDER BY Num_Rented DESC -> LIMIT 100;
Are there customers whose rental habits show they have a favorite actor?
查看 sakila 資料庫中定義的其他表格並觀察它們如何遵循 3NF。
SELECT a.actor_id, a.first_name, a.last_name, f.film_id, f.title FROM film_actor fa 加入演員 a ON fa.actor_id = a.actor_id 加入影片 f ON fa.film_id = f.film_id;
