systemd netlogd

systemd-netlogd

Meneruskan pesan dari jurnal ke host lain melalui jaringan menggunakan Protokol Syslog (RFC 5424 dan RFC 3339). Ini dapat dikonfigurasi untuk mengirim pesan ke alamat unicast dan multicast. systemd-netlogd berjalan dengan pengguna systemd-journal-netlog sendiri. Mulai mengirim log ketika jaringan aktif dan berhenti mengirim segera setelah jaringan mati (menggunakan jaringan sd). Itu dibaca dari jurnal dan diteruskan ke jaringan satu per satu. Itu tidak menggunakan ruang disk tambahan. systemd-netlogd mendukung UDP, TCP, TLS dan DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security RFC 6012).

---

Menginstal dari sumber

Instal dependensi build:

 # On Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install build-essential gperf libcap-dev libsystemd-dev pkg-config meson python3-sphinx
# On CentOS/RHEL/Fedora
sudo dnf group install 'Development Tools'
sudo dnf install gperf libcap-devel pkg-config systemd-devel meson python3-sphinx

Bangun dan pasang:

 make
sudo make install

Membuat pengguna:

sudo useradd -r -d / -s /usr/sbin/nologin -g systemd-journal systemd-journal-netlog

atau melalui sistem

/usr/lib/sysusers.d/systemd-netlogd.conf

 # Type   Name                    ID                      GECOS   Home directory  Shell
u       systemd-journal-netlog  -:systemd-journal       -       /               /bin/nologin

Konfigurasi

systemd-netlogd membaca file konfigurasi bernama /etc/systemd/netlogd.conf dan /etc/systemd/netlogd.conf.d/*.conf .

[JARINGAN] OPSI BAGIAN

 The "[Network]" section only applies for UDP multicast address and Port:

Address=
    Controls whether log messages received by the systemd-netlogd daemon shall be forwarded to a unicast UDP address or multicast UDP network group in syslog RFC 5424 format. The the address string format is similar to socket units. See systemd.socket(1)

Protocol=
    Specifies whether to use udp, tcp, tls or dtls (Datagram Transport Layer Security) protocol. Defaults to udp.

LogFormat=
    Specifies whether to use RFC 5424 format or RFC 3339 format. Takes one of rfc5424 or rfc3339. Defaults to rfc5424.

Directory=
    Takes a directory path. Specifies whether to operate on the specified journal directory DIR instead of the default runtime and system journal paths.
          
Namespace=
    Takes a journal namespace identifier string as argument. If not specified the data collected by the default namespace is shown. If specified shows the log data of the specified namespace instead. If the namespace is specified as "*" data from all namespaces is shown, interleaved. If the namespace identifier is prefixed with "+" data from the specified namespace and the default namespace is shown, interleaved, but no other.

ConnectionRetrySec=
    Specifies the minimum delay before subsequent attempts to contact a Log server are made. Takes a time span value. The default unit is seconds, but other units may be specified, see systemd.time(5). Defaults to 30 seconds and must not be smaller than 1 second.

TLSCertificateAuthMode=
    Specifies whether to validate the certificate. Takes one of no, allow, deny, warn. Defaults to 'deny' which rejects certificates failed to validate.

TLSServerCertificate=
    Specify a custom certificate to validate the server against. Takes a path to a certificate file in PEM format.

KeepAlive=
    Takes a boolean argument. If true, the TCP/IP stack will send a keep alive message after 2h (depending on the configuration of /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time) for all TCP streams accepted on this socket. This controls the SO_KEEPALIVE socket option (see socket(7) and the TCP Keepalive HOWTO for details.) Defaults to false.

KeepAliveTimeSec=
    Takes time (in seconds) as argument. The connection needs to remain idle before TCP starts sending keepalive probes. This controls the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option (see socket(7) and the TCP Keepalive HOWTO for details.) Default value is 7200 seconds (2 hours).

KeepAliveIntervalSec=
    Takes time (in seconds) as argument between individual keepalive probes, if the socket option SO_KEEPALIVE has been set on this socket. This controls the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option (see socket(7) and the TCP Keepalive HOWTO for details.) Default value is 75 seconds.

KeepAliveProbes=
    Takes an integer as argument. It is the number of unacknowledged probes to send before considering the connection dead and notifying the application layer. This controls the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option (see socket(7) and the TCP Keepalive HOWTO for details.) Default value is 9.

SendBuffer=
    Takes an integer argument controlling the receive or send buffer sizes of this socket, respectively. This controls the SO_SNDBUF socket options (see socket(7) for details.). The usual suffixes K, M, G are supported and are understood to the base of 1024.

NoDelay=
    Takes a boolean argument. TCP Nagle's algorithm works by combining a number of small outgoing messages, and sending them all at once. This controls the TCP_NODELAY socket option (see tcp(7)). Defaults to false.

Pengaturan opsional

 StructuredData=
    Meta information about the syslog message, which can be used for Cloud Based syslog servers, such as Loggly

UseSysLogStructuredData=
    A boolean. Specifies whether to extract SYSLOG_STRUCTURED_DATA= from journal. Defaults to false.

UseSysLogMsgId=
    A boolean. Specifies whether to extract SYSLOG_MSGID= from journal. Defaults to false.

ExcludeSyslogFacility=
    A list of strings. Specifies the syslog facilities to skip forwarding. Possible values are: "kern", "user", "mail", "daemon", "auth", "syslog", "lpr", "news", "uucp", "cron", "authpriv", "ftp", "ntp", "security", "console", "solaris-cron", "local0", "local1", "local2", "local3", "local4", "local5", "local6" and "local7".

ExcludeSyslogLevel=
    A list of strings. Specifies the syslog levels to skip forwarding. Possible values are: "emerg", "alert", "crit", "err", "warning", "notice", "info" and "debug".

CONTOH

Contoh 1.UDP Multicast

[ Network ]
Address = 239.0 .0.1:6000
# Protocol=udp
# LogFormat=rfc5424

Contoh 2.UDP

[ Network ]
Address = 192.168 .8.101:514
# Protocol=udp
LogFormat =r fc3339

Contoh 3. Data terstruktur

[ Network ]
Address = 192.168 .8.101:514
# Protocol=udp
LogFormat =r fc5424
StructuredData =[ 1 ab456b6-90bb-6578-abcd-5b734584aaaa@41058]

Contoh 4. Data terstruktur syslog khusus dan ID pesan

[ Network ]
Address = 192.168 .8.101:514
# Protocol=udp
LogFormat =r fc5424
UseSysLogStructuredData =y es
UseSysLogMsgId =y es

Contoh 5. Melewati pesan dengan fasilitas AUTH atau AUTHPRIV dan pesan dengan level DEBUG

[ Network ]
Address = 192.168 .8.101:514
# Protocol=udp
LogFormat =r fc3339
ExcludeSyslogFacility =a uth authpriv
ExcludeSyslogLevel =d ebug

Contoh 6. TLS dengan mode autentikasi sertifikat

[ Network ]
Address = 192.168 .8.101:4433
Protocol =t ls
# LogFormat=rfc5424
TLSCertificateAuthMode =w arn

Contoh 7. DTLS dengan mode otentikasi sertifikat

[ Network ]
Address = 192.168 .8.101:4433
Protocol =d tls
# LogFormat=rfc5424
TLSCertificateAuthMode =a llow

Kasus penggunaan UseSysLogStructuredData= dan UseSysLogMsgId=

 sd_journal_send (
    "MESSAGE=%s" , "Message to process" ,
    "PRIORITY=%s" , "4" ,
    "SYSLOG_FACILITY=%s" , "1" ,
    "SYSLOG_MSGID=%s" , "1011" ,
    "SYSLOG_STRUCTURED_DATA=%s" , R "([exampleSDID@32473 iut=" 3 " eventSource=" Application "])" ,
    NULL
);