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对流层

关于

对流层 - 用于创建 AWS CloudFormation 描述的库

对流层库允许通过编写 Python 代码来描述 AWS 资源来更轻松地创建 AWS CloudFormation JSON。对流层还通过 Heat 对 OpenStack 资源提供一些基本支持。

为了便于尽早捕获 CloudFormation 或 JSON 错误，库在类中内置了属性和类型检查。

安装

可以使用 Python 的 pip 分发系统通过发出以下命令来安装 troposphere：

$ pip install troposphere

要使用 awacs 安装对流层（推荐软依赖）：

$ pip install troposphere[policy]

或者，您可以使用 setup.py 通过克隆此存储库并发出以下命令来安装：

$ python setup.py install  # you may need sudo depending on your python installation

示例

创建实例的简单示例如下所示：

 > >> from troposphere import Ref , Template
> >> import troposphere . ec2 as ec2
> >> t = Template ()
> >> instance = ec2 . Instance ( "myinstance" )
> >> instance . ImageId = "ami-951945d0"
> >> instance . InstanceType = "t1.micro"
> >> t . add_resource ( instance )
< troposphere . ec2 . Instance object at 0x101bf3390 >
> >> print ( t . to_json ())
{
    "Resources" : {
        "myinstance" : {
            "Properties" : {
                "ImageId" : "ami-951945d0" ,
                "InstanceType" : "t1.micro"
            },
            "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance"
        }
    }
}
> >> print ( t . to_yaml ())
Resources :
    myinstance :
        Properties :
            ImageId : ami - 951945 d0
            InstanceType : t1 . micro
        Type : AWS :: EC2 :: Instance

或者，可以使用参数代替属性：

 > >> instance = ec2 . Instance ( "myinstance" , ImageId = "ami-951945d0" , InstanceType = "t1.micro" )
> >> t . add_resource ( instance )
< troposphere . ec2 . Instance object at 0x101bf3550 >

add_resource()返回对象，以便于与Ref()一起使用：

 > >> instance = t . add_resource ( ec2 . Instance ( "myinstance" , ImageId = "ami-951945d0" , InstanceType = "t1.micro" ))
> >> Ref ( instance )
< troposphere . Ref object at 0x101bf3490 >

错误检查的示例（为了清楚起见，删除了完整的回溯）：

AWS 资源上设置的属性不正确：

 > >> import troposphere . ec2 as ec2
> >> ec2 . Instance ( "ec2instance" , image = "i-XXXX" )
Traceback ( most recent call last ):
...
AttributeError : AWS :: EC2 :: Instance object does not support attribute image

AWS 资源属性的类型不正确：

 > >> ec2 . Instance ( "ec2instance" , ImageId = 1 )
Traceback ( most recent call last ):
...
TypeError : ImageId is < type 'int' > , expected < type 'basestring' >

缺少 AWS 资源所需的属性：

 > >> from troposphere import Template
> >> import troposphere . ec2 as ec2
> >> t = Template ()
> >> t . add_resource ( ec2 . Subnet ( "ec2subnet" , VpcId = "vpcid" ))
< troposphere . ec2 . Subnet object at 0x100830ed0 >
> >> print ( t . to_json ())
Traceback ( most recent call last ):
...
ValueError : Resource CidrBlock required in type AWS :: EC2 :: Subnet ( title : ec2subnet )

目前支持的资源类型

AWS 资源类型
OpenStack 资源类型

复制单个实例示例将如下所示

 # Converted from EC2InstanceSample.template located at:
# http://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/aws-cloudformation-templates/

from troposphere import Base64 , FindInMap , GetAtt
from troposphere import Parameter , Output , Ref , Template
import troposphere . ec2 as ec2


template = Template ()

keyname_param = template . add_parameter ( Parameter (
    "KeyName" ,
    Description = "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH "
                "access to the instance" ,
    Type = "String" ,
))

template . add_mapping ( 'RegionMap' , {
    "us-east-1" :      { "AMI" : "ami-7f418316" },
    "us-west-1" :      { "AMI" : "ami-951945d0" },
    "us-west-2" :      { "AMI" : "ami-16fd7026" },
    "eu-west-1" :      { "AMI" : "ami-24506250" },
    "sa-east-1" :      { "AMI" : "ami-3e3be423" },
    "ap-southeast-1" : { "AMI" : "ami-74dda626" },
    "ap-northeast-1" : { "AMI" : "ami-dcfa4edd" }
})

ec2_instance = template . add_resource ( ec2 . Instance (
    "Ec2Instance" ,
    ImageId = FindInMap ( "RegionMap" , Ref ( "AWS::Region" ), "AMI" ),
    InstanceType = "t1.micro" ,
    KeyName = Ref ( keyname_param ),
    SecurityGroups = [ "default" ],
    UserData = Base64 ( "80" )
))

template . add_output ([
    Output (
        "InstanceId" ,
        Description = "InstanceId of the newly created EC2 instance" ,
        Value = Ref ( ec2_instance ),
    ),
    Output (
        "AZ" ,
        Description = "Availability Zone of the newly created EC2 instance" ,
        Value = GetAtt ( ec2_instance , "AvailabilityZone" ),
    ),
    Output (
        "PublicIP" ,
        Description = "Public IP address of the newly created EC2 instance" ,
        Value = GetAtt ( ec2_instance , "PublicIp" ),
    ),
    Output (
        "PrivateIP" ,
        Description = "Private IP address of the newly created EC2 instance" ,
        Value = GetAtt ( ec2_instance , "PrivateIp" ),
    ),
    Output (
        "PublicDNS" ,
        Description = "Public DNSName of the newly created EC2 instance" ,
        Value = GetAtt ( ec2_instance , "PublicDnsName" ),
    ),
    Output (
        "PrivateDNS" ,
        Description = "Private DNSName of the newly created EC2 instance" ,
        Value = GetAtt ( ec2_instance , "PrivateDnsName" ),
    ),
])

print ( template . to_json ())