我們通常稱靜態Web伺服器為靜態網站，其主要特徵就是伺服器上的所有內容都是現成的，不需要後端做額外的處理。當我們向靜態伺服器發送網頁請求時，伺服器只需要根據我們的請求路徑（URL），返回對應的html檔案就行了。
靜態網站是指全部由HTML（標準通用標記語言的子集）程式碼格式頁面組成的網站，所有的內容都包含在網頁檔案中。網頁上也可以出現各種視覺動態效果，如GIF動畫、FLASH動畫、滾動字幕等，而網站主要是靜態化的頁面和程式碼組成，一般檔案名稱均以htm、html、shtml等為後綴。 —— 百度百科
與靜態網站對應的是我們最常見的動態Web伺服器，此類伺服器最大的特徵就是所有資源通常不是以html形式儲存的，而是需要後端查詢數據，組成網頁之後再傳回給用戶，每個使用者看到的內容可能是都不相同的。例如，在Java搭建的Web伺服器中，我們可以使用JSP拼接網頁，形成特定使用者的頁面。
（1）動態網頁以資料庫技術為基礎，可大幅降低網站維護的工作量；
（2） 採用動態網頁技術的網站可以實現更多的功能，如使用者註冊、使用者登入、線上調查、使用者管理、訂單管理等等；
（3） 動態網頁其實並不是獨立存在於伺服器上的網頁文件，只有當使用者要求時伺服器才回傳一個完整的網頁；
（4）動態網頁中的「？」搜尋引擎一般不可能從一個網站的資料庫中存取全部網頁，或者出於技術方面的考慮，搜尋蜘蛛不去抓取網址中「？」後面的內容，因此採用動態網頁的網站在進行搜尋引擎推廣時需要做一定的技術處理才能適應搜尋引擎的要求。
（5）靜態網站因為沒有和資料庫連接，所以要有動態網站的效果就必須製作大量的網頁，其中許多網頁只能是虛假網頁，根本實現不了動態網站的功能。
—— 百度百科
由於靜態伺服器不需要後端資料庫，所以結構非常簡單，非常適合例如文件管理、部落格等場景。就以寫部落格本身而言，我認為靜態網站有以下特點：
需要的伺服器配置低，最基礎的伺服器就可以滿足大部分人的效能需求；
回應速度快，內容都是現成的html ，直接存取即可取得結果；
一個html對應一個url ，內容穩定，容易被搜尋引擎檢索；
製作簡單，只需要在伺服器搭建完成後，將文件防止指定位置即可；
以上有點都是針對靜態部落格系統而言的，如果使用純靜態伺服器製作一個大型的其他類型網站可能代價比較大。
如果個人希望快速搭建一個靜態伺服器，可以使用基於Node.js的http-server包，可以在一分鐘內完成伺服器的搭建，步驟如下：
下載http-server包，記得全域安裝
npm i http-server -g
進入伺服器資料夾，啟動伺服器
http-server -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9999
這樣伺服器就啟動了，根目錄就是啟動伺服器指令執行的目錄。
造訪localhost:9999就可以看到所有的檔案了，以下是我的檔案內容：
如果我們點擊文件名，就會得到對應的文件，例如我們點擊*.html ，就可以得到網頁：
這看起來就像是個FTP伺服器，難道我們就止步於此了嗎？
非也，一個合格的程式設計師都是要手擼才會快樂！ ！
我們使用基礎的Node.js內建模組即可完成搭建，所以不需要安裝額外的工具包。
主要的工作是建立一個伺服器目錄，結構如下：
web_server/ //根目錄 |- static/ | |- css/ | | |- style.css //樣式 | |- js/ | | |- common.js //js | |- index.js //首頁 |- app.js //伺服器檔案|- mime.json //副檔名設定
app.js
const http = require('http');const fs = require('fs')const url = require('url')const path = require('path')FileMimes = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./mime.json').toString())http.createServer (function (req, res) {
//1.取得位址let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname
pathname = pathname == '/' ? '/index.html' : pathname let extname = path.extname(pathname)
//2.fs讀取檔案if (pathname != '/favicon.ico') {
fs.readFile('./static' + pathname, async (err, data) => {
if (err) {
res.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' })
res.end(err.message)
return
}
if (!err) {
// 3. 針對不同的檔案傳回不同的內容頭let mime = FileMimes[extname]
res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': mime + ';charset="utf-8"' })
res.end(data)
}
})
}}).listen(8081);console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/'); mime.json
{ ".323":"text/h323" ,
".3gp":"video/3gpp" ,
".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" ,
".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" ,
".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" ,
".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" ,
".ai":"application/postscript" ,
".aif":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" ,
".amc":"application/x-mpeg" ,
...//實在太長，就不貼這裡了，文末有完整程式碼} node ./app.js
啟動效果如下：
PS E:CodeNodedemos 3-static_web_server> node . app.js Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/
造訪localhost:8081即可取得index.html頁面。
也可以部署到遠端的伺服器
1. 買伺服器
目前流行的伺服器供應商包括
- 騰訊雲
- 阿里雲
- 華為雲
不過現在CSDN也來湊熱鬧了：CSDN雲，CSDN好像是基於騰訊雲的，價格上都差不多。
2. 買網域名稱（非必須，可以使用IP直接存取）
3. 網站備案
4. 部署<br/> 靜態網站的部署也非常簡單，由於很少出錯，而且需要經常啟動停止上傳新的部落格文件，所以直接複製文件到伺服器，然後使用
node ./app.js
就可以了。
基於Node.js的靜態伺服器建置非常簡單，我們可以使用http-server套件，也可以基於Node手寫程式碼。
手寫程式碼最核心的內容是mime.json文件，也就是對於不同的文件類型，賦予response不同的回傳頭。
文章結束
下面是mime.json程式碼（老長了）：
{
".323":"text/h323" ,
".3gp":"video/3gpp" ,
".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" ,
".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" ,
".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" ,
".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" ,
".ai":"application/postscript" ,
".aif":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" ,
".amc":"application/x-mpeg" ,
".ani":"application/octet-stream" ,
".apk":"application/vnd.android.package-archive" ,
".asc":"text/plain" ,
".asd":"application/astound" ,
".asf":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
".asn":"application/astound" ,
".asp":"application/x-asap" ,
".asr":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
".asx":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
".au":"audio/basic" ,
".avb":"application/octet-stream" ,
".avi":"video/x-msvideo" ,
".awb":"audio/amr-wb" ,
".axs":"application/olescript" ,
".bas":"text/plain" ,
".bcpio":"application/x-bcpio" ,
".bin ":"application/octet-stream" ,
".bld":"application/bld" ,
".bld2":"application/bld2" ,
".bmp":"image/bmp" ,
".bpk":"application/octet-stream" ,
".bz2":"application/x-bzip2" ,
".c":"text/plain" ,
".cal":"image/x-cals" ,
".cat":"application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat" ,
".ccn":"application/x-cnc" ,
".cco":"application/x-cocoa" ,
".cdf":"application/x-cdf" ,
".cer":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
".cgi":"magnus-internal/cgi" ,
".chat":"application/x-chat" ,
".class":"application/octet-stream" ,
".clp":"application/x-msclip" ,
".cmx":"image/x-cmx" ,
".co":"application/x-cult3d-object" ,
".cod":"image/cis-cod" ,
".conf":"text/plain" ,
".cpio":"application/x-cpio" ,
".cpp":"text/plain" ,
".cpt":"application/mac-compactpro" ,
".crd":"application/x-mscardfile" ,
".crl":"application/pkix-crl" ,
".crt":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
".csh":"application/x-csh" ,
".csm":"chemical/x-csml" ,
".csml":"chemical/x-csml" ,
".css":"text/css" ,
".cur":"application/octet-stream" ,
".dcm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,
".dcr":"application/x-director" ,
".dcx":"image/x-dcx" ,
".der":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
".dhtml":"text/html" ,
".dir":"application/x-director" ,
".dll":"application/x-msdownload" ,
".dmg":"application/octet-stream" ,
".dms":"application/octet-stream" ,
".doc":"application/msword" ,
".docx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" ,
".dot":"application/msword" ,
".dvi":"application/x-dvi" ,
".dwf":"drawing/x-dwf" ,
".dwg":"application/x-autocad" ,
".dxf":"application/x-autocad" ,
".dxr":"application/x-director" ,
".ebk":"application/x-expandedbook" ,
".emb":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,
".embl":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,
".eps":"application/postscript" ,
".epub":"application/epub+zip" ,
".eri":"image/x-eri" ,
".es":"audio/echospeech" ,
".esl":"audio/echospeech" ,
".etc":"application/x-earthtime" ,
".etx":"text/x-setext" ,
".evm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,
".evy":"application/envoy" ,
".exe":"application/octet-stream" ,
".fh4":"image/x-freehand" ,
".fh5":"image/x-freehand" ,
".fhc":"image/x-freehand" ,
".fif":"application/fractals" ,
".flr":"x-world/x-vrml" ,
".flv":"flv-application/octet-stream" ,
".fm":"application/x-maker" ,
".fpx":"image/x-fpx" ,
".fvi":"video/isivideo" ,
".gau":"chemical/x-gaussian-input" ,
".gca":"application/x-gca-compressed" ,
".gdb":"x-lml/x-gdb" ,
".gif":"image/gif" ,
".gps":"application/x-gps" ,
".gtar":"application/x-gtar" ,
".gz":"application/x-gzip" ,
".h":"text/plain" ,
".hdf":"application/x-hdf" ,
".hdm":"text/x-hdml" ,
".hdml":"text/x-hdml" ,
".hlp":"application/winhlp" ,
".hqx":"application/mac-binhex40" ,
".hta":"application/hta" ,
".htc":"text/x-component" ,
".htm":"text/html" ,
".html":"text/html" ,
".hts":"text/html" ,
".htt":"text/webviewhtml" ,
".ice":"x-conference/x-cooltalk" ,
".ico":"image/x-icon" ,
".ief":"image/ief" ,
".ifm":"image/gif" ,
".ifs":"image/ifs" ,
".iii":"application/x-iphone" ,
".imy":"audio/melody" ,
".ins":"application/x-internet-signup" ,
".ips":"application/x-ipscript" ,
".ipx":"application/x-ipix" ,
".isp":"application/x-internet-signup" ,
".it":"audio/x-mod" ,
".itz":"audio/x-mod" ,
".ivr":"i-world/i-vrml" ,
".j2k":"image/j2k" ,
".jad":"text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor" ,
".jam":"application/x-jam" ,
".jar":"application/java-archive" ,
".java":"text/plain" ,
".jfif":"image/pipeg" ,
".jnlp":"application/x-java-jnlp-file" ,
".jpe":"image/jpeg" ,
".jpeg":"image/jpeg" ,
".jpg":"image/jpeg" ,
".jpz":"image/jpeg" ,
".js":"application/x-javascript" ,
".jwc":"application/jwc" ,
".kjx":"application/x-kjx" ,
".lak":"x-lml/x-lak" ,
".latex":"application/x-latex" ,
".lcc":"application/fastman" ,
".lcl":"application/x-digitalloca" ,
".lcr":"application/x-digitalloca" ,
".lgh":"application/lgh" ,
".lha":"application/octet-stream" ,
".lml":"x-lml/x-lml" ,
".lmlpack":"x-lml/x-lmlpack" ,
".log":"text/plain" ,
".lsf":"video/x-la-asf" ,
".lsx":"video/x-la-asf" ,
".lzh":"application/octet-stream" ,
".m13":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
".m14":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
".m15":"audio/x-mod" ,
".m3u":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,
".m3url":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,
".m4a":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
".m4b":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
".m4p":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
".m4u":"video/vnd.mpegurl" ,
".m4v":"video/x-m4v" ,
".ma1":"audio/ma1" ,
".ma2":"audio/ma2" ,
".ma3":"audio/ma3" ,
".ma5":"audio/ma5" ,
".man":"application/x-troff-man" ,
".map":"magnus-internal/imagemap" ,
".mbd":"application/mbedlet" ,
".mct":"application/x-mascot" ,
".mdb":"application/x-msaccess" ,
".mdz":"audio/x-mod" ,
".me":"application/x-troff-me" ,
".mel":"text/x-vmel" ,
".mht":"message/rfc822" ,
".mhtml":"message/rfc822" ,
".mi":"application/x-mif" ,
".mid":"audio/mid" ,
".midi":"audio/midi" ,
".mif":"application/x-mif" ,
".mil":"image/x-cals" ,
".mio":"audio/x-mio" ,
".mmf":"application/x-skt-lbs" ,
".mng":"video/x-mng" ,
".mny":"application/x-msmoney" ,
".moc":"application/x-mocha" ,
".mocha":"application/x-mocha" ,
".mod":"audio/x-mod" ,
".mof":"application/x-yumekara" ,
".mol":"chemical/x-mdl-molfile" ,
".mop":"chemical/x-mopac-input" ,
".mov":"video/quicktime" ,
".movie":"video/x-sgi-movie" ,
".mp2":"video/mpeg" ,
".mp3":"audio/mpeg" ,
".mp4":"video/mp4" ,
".mpa":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpc":"application/vnd.mpohun.certificate" ,
".mpe":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpeg":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpg":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpg4":"video/mp4" ,
".mpga":"audio/mpeg" ,
".mpn":"application/vnd.mophun.application" ,
".mpp":"application/vnd.ms-project" ,
".mps":"application/x-mapserver" ,
".mpv2":"video/mpeg" ,
".mrl":"text/x-mrml" ,
".mrm":"application/x-mrm" ,
".ms":"application/x-troff-ms" ,
".msg":"application/vnd.ms-outlook" ,
".mts":"application/metastream" ,
".mtx":"application/metastream" ,
".mtz":"application/metastream" ,
".mvb":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
".mzv":"application/metastream" ,
".nar":"application/zip" ,
".nbmp":"image/nbmp" ,
".nc":"application/x-netcdf" ,
".ndb":"x-lml/x-ndb" ,
".ndwn":"application/ndwn" ,
".nif":"application/x-nif" ,
".nmz":"application/x-scream" ,
".nokia-op-logo":"image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color" ,
".npx":"application/x-netfpx" ,
".nsnd":"audio/nsnd" ,
".nva":"application/x-neva1" ,
".nws":"message/rfc822" ,
".oda":"application/oda" ,
".ogg":"audio/ogg" ,
".oom":"application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin" ,
".p10":"application/pkcs10" ,
".p12":"application/x-pkcs12" ,
".p7b":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" ,
".p7c":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,
".p7m":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,
".p7r":"application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp" ,
".p7s":"application/x-pkcs7-signature" ,
".pac":"audio/x-pac" ,
".pae":"audio/x-epac" ,
".pan":"application/x-pan" ,
".pbm":"image/x-portable-bitmap" ,
".pcx":"image/x-pcx" ,
".pda":"image/x-pda" ,
".pdb":"chemical/x-pdb" ,
".pdf":"application/pdf" ,
".pfr":"application/font-tdpfr" ,
".pfx":"application/x-pkcs12" ,
".pgm":"image/x-portable-graymap" ,
".pict":"image/x-pict" ,
".pko":"application/ynd.ms-pkipko" ,
".pm":"application/x-perl" ,
".pma":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmc":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmd":"application/x-pmd" ,
".pml":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmr":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmw":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".png":"image/png" ,
".pnm":"image/x-portable-anymap" ,
".pnz":"image/png" ,
".pot,":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
".ppm":"image/x-portable-pixmap" ,
".pps":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
".ppt":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
".pptx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation" ,
".pqf":"application/x-cprplayer" ,
".pqi":"application/cprplayer" ,
".prc":"application/x-prc" ,
".prf":"application/pics-rules" ,
".prop":"text/plain" ,
".proxy":"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig" ,
".ps":"application/postscript" ,
".ptlk":"application/listenup" ,
".pub":"application/x-mspublisher" ,
".pvx":"video/x-pv-pvx" ,
".qcp":"audio/vnd.qcelp" ,
".qt":"video/quicktime" ,
".qti":"image/x-quicktime" ,
".qtif":"image/x-quicktime" ,
".r3t":"text/vnd.rn-realtext3d" ,
".ra":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".ram":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rar":"application/octet-stream" ,
".ras":"image/x-cmu-raster" ,
".rc":"text/plain" ,
".rdf":"application/rdf+xml" ,
".rf":"image/vnd.rn-realflash" ,
".rgb":"image/x-rgb" ,
".rlf":"application/x-richlink" ,
".rm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rmf":"audio/x-rmf" ,
".rmi":"audio/mid" ,
".rmm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rmvb":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rnx":"application/vnd.rn-realplayer" ,
".roff":"application/x-troff" ,
".rp":"image/vnd.rn-realpix" ,
".rpm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" ,
".rt":"text/vnd.rn-realtext" ,
".rte":"x-lml/x-gps" ,
".rtf":"application/rtf" ,
".rtg":"application/metastream" ,
".rtx":"text/richtext" ,
".rv":"video/vnd.rn-realvideo" ,
".rwc":"application/x-rogerwilco" ,
".s3m":"audio/x-mod" ,
".s3z":"audio/x-mod" ,
".sca":"application/x-supercard" ,
".scd":"application/x-msschedule" ,
".sct":"text/scriptlet" ,
".sdf":"application/e-score" ,
".sea":"application/x-stuffit" ,
".setpay":"application/set-payment-initiation" ,
".setreg":"application/set-registration-initiation" ,
".sgm":"text/x-sgml" ,
".sgml":"text/x-sgml" ,
".sh":"application/x-sh" ,
".shar":"application/x-shar" ,
".shtml":"magnus-internal/parsed-html" ,
".shw":"application/presentations" ,
".si6":"image/si6" ,
".si7":"image/vnd.stiwap.sis" ,
".si9":"image/vnd.lgtwap.sis" ,
".sis":"application/vnd.symbian.install" ,
".sit":"application/x-stuffit" ,
".skd":"application/x-Koan" ,
".skm":"application/x-Koan" ,
".skp":"application/x-Koan" ,
".skt":"application/x-Koan" ,
".slc":"application/x-salsa" ,
".smd":"audio/x-smd" ,
".smi":"application/smil" ,
".smil":"application/smil" ,
".smp":"application/studiom" ,
".smz":"audio/x-smd" ,
".snd":"audio/basic" ,
".spc":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" ,
".spl":"application/futuresplash" ,
".spr":"application/x-sprite" ,
".sprite":"application/x-sprite" ,
".sdp":"application/sdp" ,
".spt":"application/x-spt" ,
".src":"application/x-wais-source" ,
".sst":"application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore" ,
".stk":"application/hyperstudio" ,
".stl":"application/vnd.ms-pkistl" ,
".stm":"text/html" ,
".svg":"image/svg+xml" ,
".sv4cpio":"application/x-sv4cpio" ,
".sv4crc":"application/x-sv4crc" ,
".svf":"image/vnd" ,
".svg":"image/svg+xml" ,
".svh":"image/svh" ,
".svr":"x-world/x-svr" ,
".swf":"application/x-shockwave-flash" ,
".swfl":"application/x-shockwave-flash" ,
".t":"application/x-troff" ,
".tad":"application/octet-stream" ,
".talk":"text/x-speech" ,
".tar":"application/x-tar" ,
".taz":"application/x-tar" ,
".tbp":"application/x-timbuktu" ,
".tbt":"application/x-timbuktu" ,
".tcl":"application/x-tcl" ,
".tex":"application/x-tex" ,
".texi":"application/x-texinfo" ,
".texinfo":"application/x-texinfo" ,
".tgz":"application/x-compressed" ,
".thm":"application/vnd.eri.thm" ,
".tif":"image/tiff" ,
".tiff":"image/tiff" ,
".tki":"application/x-tkined" ,
".tkined":"application/x-tkined" ,
".toc":"application/toc" ,
".toy":"image/toy" ,
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