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Python Apple support

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Python Apple Support

This is a meta-package for building a version of Python that can be embedded into a macOS, iOS, tvOS or watchOS project.

This branch builds a packaged version of Python 3.13. Other Python versions are available by cloning other branches of the main repository:

Python 3.9
Python 3.10
Python 3.11
Python 3.12
Python 3.13

It works by downloading, patching, and building a fat binary of Python and selected pre-requisites, and packaging them as frameworks that can be incorporated into an XCode project. The binary modules in the Python standard library are distributed as binaries that can be dynamically loaded at runtime.

The macOS package is a re-bundling of the official macOS binary, modified so that it is relocatable, with the IDLE, Tkinter and turtle packages removed, and the App Store compliance patch applied.

The iOS, tvOS and watchOS packages compiled by this project use the official PEP 730 code that is part of Python 3.13 to provide iOS support; the relevant patches have been backported to 3.9-3.12. Additional patches have been applied to add tvOS and watchOS support.

The binaries support x86_64 and arm64 for macOS; arm64 for iOS and appleTV devices; and arm64_32 for watchOS devices. It also supports device simulators on both x86_64 and M1 hardware. This should enable the code to run on:

macOS 11 (Big Sur) or later, on:
- MacBook (including MacBooks using Apple Silicon)
- iMac (including iMacs using Apple Silicon)
- Mac Mini (including Apple Silicon Mac minis)
- Mac Studio (all models)
- Mac Pro (all models)
iOS 13.0 or later, on:
- iPhone (6s or later)
- iPad (5th gen or later)
- iPad Air (all models)
- iPad Mini (2 or later)
- iPad Pro (all models)
- iPod Touch (7th gen or later)
tvOS 12.0 or later, on:
- Apple TV (4th gen or later)
watchOS 4.0 or later, on:
- Apple Watch (4th gen or later)

Quickstart

The easist way to use these packages is by creating a project with Briefcase. Briefcase will download pre-compiled versions of these support packages, and add them to an Xcode project (or pre-build stub application, in the case of macOS).

Pre-built versions of the frameworks can be downloaded from the Github releases page and added to your project.

Alternatively, to build the frameworks on your own, download/clone this repository, and then in the root directory, and run:

make (or make all) to build everything.
make macOS to build everything for macOS.
make iOS to build everything for iOS.
make tvOS to build everything for tvOS.
make watchOS to build everything for watchOS.

This should:

Download the original source packages
Patch them as required for compatibility with the selected OS
Build the packages as Xcode-compatible XCFrameworks.

The resulting support packages will be packaged as a .tar.gz file in the dist folder.

Each support package contains:

VERSIONS, a text file describing the specific versions of code used to build the support package;
platform-site, a folder that contains site customization scripts that can be used to make your local Python install look like it is an on-device install for each of the underlying target architectures supported by the platform. This is needed because when you run pip you'll be on a macOS machine with a specific architecture; if pip tries to install a binary package, it will install a macOS binary wheel (which won't work on iOS/tvOS/watchOS). However, if you add the platform-site folder to your PYTHONPATH when invoking pip, the site customization will make your Python install return platform and sysconfig responses consistent with on-device behavior, which will cause pip to install platform-appropriate packages.
Python.xcframework, a multi-architecture build of the Python runtime library

On iOS/tvOS/watchOS, the Python.xcframework contains a slice for each supported ABI (device and simulator). The folder containing the slice can also be used as a PYTHONHOME, as it contains a bin, include and lib directory.

The bin folder does not contain Python executables (as they can't be invoked). However, it does contain shell aliases for the compilers that are needed to build packages. This is required because Xcode uses the xcrun alias to dynamically generate the name of binaries, but a lot of C tooling expects that CC will not contain spaces.

For a detailed instructions on using the support package in your own project, see the usage guide

Building binary wheels

This project packages the Python standard library, but does not address building binary wheels. Binary wheels for macOS can be obtained from PyPI. Mobile Forge is a project that provides the tooling to build build binary wheels for iOS (and potentially for tvOS and watchOS, although that hasn't been tested).